Introduction to Biology PDF (Saint Jude Catholic School)

Lesson 1: Introduction to Biology Branches of Biology Characteristics of Living things...

Lesson 1: Introduction to Biology Branches of Biology Characteristics of Living things Levels of Biological Organization Ms. LJ B. Carano-o, LPT ([email protected]) Mr. Angelo G. Tucay, LPT ([email protected]) BLP – 2024-2025 References: Starr et.al (2016) Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology 5th Edition. Cengage Learning Asia; Biggs et al. (2012) Glencoe Science Biology. McGraw-Hill Education ; Fitzpatrick & Tunbridge (2016) Campbell: Biology In Focus 2md Edition. Pearson Education; Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: 1. define the term “Biology” and correlate it to other branches of science; 2. enumerate the different branches of Biology; 3. identify the characteristics of living things; and 4. Describe the levels of biological organization from cell to biosphere Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms READING GUIDE & NOTE-TAKING ASSIGNMENT Read and take key essential notes about what is biology and its scope of study, levels of biological organization, and characteristics of life. Chapter 1 Invitation to Biology 1.1 The Secret of Life – p. 4 1.2 Life is more than the sum of its part – pp. 4-5 1.3 How living things are alike – p.6 Reference: Starr C., Evers C. and Starr S. 2016. Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology. Cengage Asia Pte Ltd, Taguig City, Philippines. Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  BIOLOGY “Bio” – Life; “Logos” – Study of Biology is the scientific study of https://owlcation.com/ life / living organisms. Careers in Biology Teacher, Research scientist, https://e-portfolio-faithwhylton.weebly.com/ Doctor, Veterinarian, Geneticist, microbiologist, Lab technician, Forester, Wildlife and conservation Biologist https://www.naturalsciences.be/ Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms Branches of Biology Cytology - Cells Botany - Plants Zoology – Animals  Mammalogy Ornithology Herpetology  Ichthyology Entomology Anatomy – Body Structure Physiology – Function of the body structure Genetics – Genes, Heredity and Variation Evolution – Origin of Species and their changes Taxonomy – naming, classifying and describing organisms Microbiology - Microorganisms  Bacteriology Virology  Phycology Mycology Ecology – Relationship of living organisms to environment Biochemistry – Chemical processes in living organisms  Characteristics of living things https://2012books.lardbucket.org 1. Made up of cell/s – cell is the basic unit of life. Unicellular Multicellular 2. Grow and develop Growth – Increase in size or number of https://depositphotos.com cells Development – Complexity of function and skill progression Ex. Tadpole grows and develops into an adult frog Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms 3. Reproduce Ability to produce new living organism Traits are passed from parents to offspring Through sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction http://www.funchap.com 4. Respond to stimuli– reaction to stimuli are called responses. Stimuli - any change in environment (physical/chemical) that cause you to respond https://sites.google.com/site/2esonaturalscience/07--functions-of-living- beings/07-2--interaction Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms 5. Require energy https://byjus.com/biology/metabolism/ Metabolism – total chemical reactions in the body Catabolism – break down Anabolism – Building up of substances 6. Maintain Homeostasis – the internal balance of the body Ex: perspiration to prevent overheating of the body https://twitter.com/ap_psychology/status/1101318662387044353 Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/organisms-adaptations 7. Adapt and Evolve Adaptations are inherited changes that occur over time. Orchids have roots adapted to soil-less environment 8. Display Biological organization Life follows levels of organization Each level/structure has a specific function Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms You Know Many Things! Everything in our universe can be classified in terms of its position on a particular scale. Give examples Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  Levels of Biological Organization Divided in two levels http://erinmayer238.weebly.com/uploads/5/7/8/8/57885545/screen-shot-2017-03-04-at-6-56-39-pm_orig.png Levels of organization of an Organism Chemical level > Organelle > Cellular level > Tissue > Organ Organ system > Organism Levels of Ecology Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biosphere Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  Levels of Biological Organization In reductionism, complex systems are reduced to simpler components to make them more manageable to study However, the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Emergent properties – characteristics not found in lower levels of the organization Biologists gain insights about life by studying each level of biological organization. Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  Levels of organismal organization ORGAN MULTICELLULAR CHEMICAL ORGANELLE CELL TISSUE ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM Chemical Level Atoms combine chemically to form molecules https://byjus.com/biology/biomolecules/ Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Living things make “Biomolecules” or molecules of life – Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. All living things have DNA/RNA Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  ORGAN MULTICELLULAR CHEMICAL ORGANELLE CELL TISSUE ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM Organelles Molecules would have floated away unless organelles enclose them. Mostly made up lipids Protocells – ancestor of cellular life Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  ORGAN MULTICELLULAR CHEMICAL ORGANELLE CELL TISSUE ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM Cell Emergent property of life Cell theory Cell is the basic unit of life All living things are made up of cell. All cells come from pre-existing cell Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  ORGAN MULTICELLULAR CHEMICAL ORGANELLE CELL TISSUE ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM Tissue Group of associated, similar cells that work together to carry out specific function Animal tissue Epithelial tissue - cover Connective tissue (Adipose, blood Ligament, cartilage, bone tissue) – connect/bind Nervous tissue – receives and conducts stimuli Muscle tissue – movementcomposed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts. Plant tissue: epidermis, vascular tissue Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  ORGAN MULTICELLULAR CHEMICAL ORGANELLE CELL TISSUE ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM Organ Tissues organize into functional structures called organs. Animal organs: heart, stomach, brain Plant organs: roots, leaves, etc. Organ System Organ system, a group of coordinated organs and tissues, performs biological function. Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  ORGAN MULTICELLULAR CHEMICAL ORGANELLE CELL TISSUE ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM Organism Organ systems make up a complex, multicellular organism. An organism is much more than its component organ systems. Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  Levels of ecological organization POPULATION COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM BIOMES BIOSPHERE Population Groups of interbreeding individuals of the same type, or species, living in a given area. Community Consists of all populations https://issuu.com/ living in a given area Symbiosis - interaction between different kinds of organisms. http://ecologicalorginization.weebly.com/community.html Internal Use Only – no distribution to external & non-affiliated platforms  Levels of ecological organization POPULATION COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM BIOMES BIOSPHERE Ecosystem interconnected network of all organism (biotic) and their environment (abiotic) within a limited area Basic unit of ecology 2 categories: Terrestrial and aquatic https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/our-environment/ecosystem/  POPULATION COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM BIOMES BIOSPHERE BIOMES Large geographic region with distinct climate, plants and animal life  Levels of ecological organization POPULATION COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM BIOMES BIOSPHERE Biosphere The largest level encompassing all region of earth’s crust (lithosphere), waters (hydrosphere), and atmosphere https://biologydictionary.net/ngss-high-school-tutorials/ls2-5-the-carbon-cycle-photosynthesis-and-respiration/  Summary Sub-disciplines of Biology 1. CYTOLOGY - Cells 2. BOTANY – Plants 3. ZOOLOGY: Animals (Mammalogy, Ornithology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, and Entomology) 4. ANATOMY – Body structure 5. PHYSIOLOGY – Functions of the body 6. GENETICS – Genes, heredity and variation 7. EVOLUTION – Origin of Species and their changes 8. TAXONOMY – Naming, describing, and classifying 9. MICROBIOLOGY – Microscopic organisms (Bacteriology, Virology, Phycology, Mycology) 10. ECOLOGY – Relationship of living things to environment 11. BIOCHEMISTRY – Chemical processes in living things Summary Characteristics of Living things Levels of Biological Organization 1. Made up of cell/s Organismal level of Organization 2. Grow and develop Chemical level → Organelles → Cells → 3. Reproduce Tissues → Organs > Organ systems > 4. Respond to stimuli organism 5. Require energy 6. Maintain homeostasis Ecological level of Organization 7. Adapt and evolve Population > Community > Ecosystem > 8. Display Biological organization Biome > Biosphere  Supplemental resources Journey to levels of Biological organization. https://apps.assets.cet.ac.il/library/science/biological- hierarchy/en/index.1476655407.htm?cid=application_6961e648-3637-40cf-ad3c-b0a6378b16e4 Amoeba Sisters.(2016). Biological Levels in Biology: The World tour [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtWknf1gzKo