Logical Argument Quiz PDF

1. **What is a key characteristic of a valid argument?** - A\) The premises must be true. - B\) If the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. - C\) The conclusion must always be a fact. - D\) Validity requires all premises to be false. - **Answer:** ...

1. **What is a key characteristic of a valid argument?** - A\) The premises must be true. - B\) If the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. - C\) The conclusion must always be a fact. - D\) Validity requires all premises to be false. - **Answer:** B 2. **Which of the following statements is true about sound arguments?** - A\) A sound argument can have false premises. - B\) A sound argument is valid and has all true premises. - C\) Soundness is unrelated to validity. - D\) All valid arguments are sound. - **Answer:** B 3. **In logical terms, what does an argument consist of?** - A\) Only conclusions - B\) Premises and conclusions - C\) Only premises - D\) Statements that are either true or false - **Answer:** B 4. **Which of the following is an example of an invalid argument?** - A\) All humans are mortal; Socrates is a human; therefore, Socrates is mortal. - B\) The sun is yellow; therefore, it is made of cheese. - C\) All birds can fly; a sparrow is a bird; therefore, a sparrow can fly. - D\) If it rains, the ground gets wet; it is raining; therefore, the ground is wet. - **Answer:** B 5. **What type of proposition asserts that all members of one category are included in another?** - A\) Particular affirmative - B\) Universal affirmative - C\) Universal negative - D\) Particular negative - **Answer:** B 6. **In the context of arguments, what distinguishes a strong argument from a weak argument?** - A\) Strong arguments have more premises than weak arguments. - B\) Strong arguments provide more compelling evidence for their conclusions than weak arguments. - C\) Weak arguments cannot have any true premises. - D\) Strong arguments always lead to true conclusions. - **Answer:** B 7. **Which fallacy involves making an assumption based on insufficient evidence?** - A\) Ad hominem - B\) Hasty generalization - C\) Straw man - D\) Red herring - **Answer:** B 8. **What is the primary purpose of an argument in logic?** - A\) To entertain - B\) To persuade others to accept a conclusion based on premises - C\) To confuse the audience - D\) To present facts without any reasoning - **Answer:** B 9. **In categorical logic, which type of proposition denies that any member of one category belongs to another?** - A\) Universal affirmative - B\) Particular affirmative - C\) Universal negative - D\) Particular negative - **Answer:** C 10. **Which statement best describes the relationship between truth and validity in an argument?** - A\) Truth and validity are identical concepts. - B\) An argument can be valid even if its premises are false. - C\) Validity requires all statements in the argument to be true. - D\) Truth determines the validity of an argument. - **Answer:** B