What Is A Computer? - PDF

What is A Computer? Methods for Conveying Information 1)Accepts Input Text – sound -numbers – images 2)Processes Data...

What is A Computer? Methods for Conveying Information 1)Accepts Input Text – sound -numbers – images 2)Processes Data Components of Computers 3)Stores Data Hardware: A group of machines in a computer system. 4)Produces Output Software (programs):The instructions that tell the computer what to do and how to do (All according to a series of stored instructions) it. User: Anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information. Categories of Computers Advantages: -Supercomputers. 1)Speed. 2) Reliability. ‫االعتمادية‬ -Mainframes. 3)Consistency. ‫ تناسق‬4) Storage. 5)Communications. -Servers Disadvantages: -Personal Computer. 1)Violation of Privacy. ‫انتهاك الخصوصية‬. -Mobile Computer and Mobile Devices. 2)Impact on Labor Force. ‫التأثير على القوى العاملة‬ -Game Consoles. ‫لوحات تحكم األلعاب‬ 3)Health Risks.‫المخاطر الصحية‬ -Embedded Computers. Information Processing Cycle 1)Supercomputers Data : is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, - Is the fastest, most powerful computer, and the most expensive. audio, and video. - Capable of processing more than 100 trillion instructions in a single second. Information conveys meaning‫ ينقل المعنى‬and is useful to people. - They are used mostly in scientific and industrial research, by the government, and by Processing procedures that convert input data to output information. very large organizations for controlling their networks. Computers read incoming data called Input, Process the data, and display outgoing - Weather forecasting, oil exploration, telephone network design. information called Output. 2) Mainframes Information Processing Cycle? -Is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of What Counts as Information? connected users simultaneously through a technique called Timesharing. -It stores huge amounts of data, instructions, and information. -Ex. A timesharing system allows travel agents all over the country to make reservations using the same computer and the same flight information at the same time. -Most major corporations use mainframes for business activities. -Used by large organizations, such as banks and airlines, for big computing jobs. -Users communicate with a mainframeusing a computer terminal.  7) Embedded Computers 3)Servers Special-purpose computer that functions asa component in a larger product. - Controls access to HW, SW, and other resources on a network. - Usually are small & have limited hardware. - Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. - Functions depending on the requirements of the product in which they - Supportfrom 2 to several thousand connected reside. computers at the same time. - Some of them are designed to improve your safety, security, and - People use PCs or terminals to access data, info., and programs on it. performance. - Terminal is a device with a monitor, keyboard, and memory. 4) Personal Computers (PC) It’s a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. - There are 2 types of personal computers: Notebook Computers Desktop Computers 5) Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices - A mobile computer is a personal computer that you can carry from place to place. - Mobile Device is a computing device, small enough to hold in your hand. - Usually store programs & data permanently: on memory inside the system unit - on small storage media such as memory card. - You can connect it to the PC to exchange information. - Some mobile devices are Internet-enabled, which allows them to connect to the Internet. 6) Game Consoles - Designed for single-player or multiplayer video games. - Input device handheld controller - Output TV screen. - Storage Hard Disks, CDs, DVDs, and memory cards. - Two popular models are 1)Microsoft's Xbox. 2)Sony’s Play station.