Week 2 Reviewer PDF

Classical Approach -First studies of management, which emphasized rationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible Frederick Winslow Taylor -Taylorism -Principles of Scientific Management published in 1909 -Father of Scientific Management -recommended that worker...

Classical Approach -First studies of management, which emphasized rationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible Frederick Winslow Taylor -Taylorism -Principles of Scientific Management published in 1909 -Father of Scientific Management -recommended that workers be provided in incentives in the form of wage increase to meet new loading goals Taylorism -Each task should be studied scientifically to determine the best way to perform it. -Workers should be carefully selected and trained to perform the tasks -Managers and workers should cooperate to ensure efficient production -Managers should plan, and workers should be responsible for implanting those plans Jules Henri Fayol -14 principles of Management -Father of modern Management -French mining engineer Five Basic Management Functions -Planning -Organizing -Commanding -Coordinating -Controlling 14 Principles of Management -Helps you plan, organize and control operations in terms of materials, people, machines, methods, money and market -Having leadership to human efforts will achieved the objectives efficiently 1.Division of work 2.Authority 3.Discipline 4.Unity of Command 5.Unity of Direction 6.Collective Interest over Individual Interest 7.Remuneration 8.Centralizaion 9.Scalar Chain 10.Order 11.Equity 12.Stability of Tenure personnel 13.Initiative 14.Esprit de corps (Team Spirit) 3 Major Theories Compromise the Classical Approach Bureaucratic Management - Focus on the overall organization Administrative Management - Focus on the function of management Scientific Management - Focus on the individual worker productivity Scientific Management -method of improving workforce -An approach that involves using the scientific method to find the "one best way" for a job to be done. -Focuses on Centralized Authority, Labor specialization, optimize each element of the production process. 4 principles of Management -Science, not rule of thumb -Harmony, nor discord -Cooperation, not individualism -Development of each person to his/her greatest efficiency General Administrative Theory -attempts to find a rational way to design an organization Theory of Bureaucracy Max Weber -German Sociologist -Political Economist -Best known for his thesis "Protestant Ethic" -Protestantism to Capitalism -Bureaucracy Bureaucracy -a form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Characteristics of weber Bureaucracy *Division of Labor - Jobs broken down into simple, routine, and well-defined tasks *Authority Hierarchy - Positions organized in a hierarchy with a clear chain of command *Formal selection - People selected for job based on technical qualifications *Formal rules and regulations - System of written rules and standard operating procedures *Impersonality - Uniform application of rules and controls, not according to personalities *Career Orientation - Managers are career professionals, not owners of unit they manage Behavioral Approach -Field of study that researches the action(behavior) of people at work is called organizational behavior(OB). Cognitive Triangle - Thoughts, Feelings and Behaviors Chester Bernard 1930s -Actual manager who thought organizations where social systems that required cooperation -Believed managers job was to communicate and stimulate employees high levels of effort -First argue that organizations were open systems Robert Owens 1700s -Concerned about deplorable working conditions -Propose idealistic work place -Argued that money spent improving labor was smart investment Hugo Munsterburg early 1900s -Pioneer in field of industrial psychology - scientific study of people at work Mary Parker Follett early 1900s -One of the first to recognize that organizations could be viewed from perspective of individual and group behavior -Thought organizations should be based on group ethic Hawthorne's Studies -These studies are considered foundational in the development of organizational behavior and management theory. The main goal of the studies was to examine how different working conditions, such as lighting levels, affect worker productivity. Quantitative Approach -involves applying statistics, optimization models, information models, computer simulations, and other quantitative techniques to management activities Total Quality Management -Philosophy of management that is driven by continuous improvement and responsiveness to customer needs and expectations. 1.Intense focus on the customer 2.Concern for continual improvement 3.Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does 4.Accurate measurement 5.Empowerment of employees Contemporary Approach -to management encompass the evolving perspectives and practices that are relevant in today's dynamic business environment System Theory -A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in manner that produces a unified whole input -> process -> output