week six NSAIDS.docx

Anti-Inflammatory Steroidal Medications: 1. **Mechanism of Action: ** - Steroidal medications, such as glucocorticoids, act by binding to glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm. The activated complex then translocates to the nucleus, modulating gene transcription. This results in the suppression...

Anti-Inflammatory Steroidal Medications: 1. **Mechanism of Action: ** - Steroidal medications, such as glucocorticoids, act by binding to glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm. The activated complex then translocates to the nucleus, modulating gene transcription. This results in the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. 2. **Drug Effects: ** - Suppression of inflammation, immune response, and allergic reactions. - Reduction of edema and vascular permeability. 3. **Therapeutic Uses: ** - Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel diseases, and various autoimmune disorders. 4. **Side Effects and Adverse Effects: ** - Short-term use may cause insomnia, mood changes, and increased appetite. - Long-term use can lead to osteoporosis, hypertension, and immune suppression. 5. **Toxicity and Management of Overdoses: ** - Acute overdose is rare; chronic overdose management involves gradual dose reduction under medical supervision. 6. **Interactions: ** - Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). - Enhanced hypokalemia risk with diuretics. 7. **Nursing Responsibilities: ** - Monitor for signs of infection and mental status changes. - Educate patients on the importance of not abruptly discontinuing the medication. Selected Individual Medication: Prednisone - Additional Information: - Prednisone is a commonly used glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. --- Anti-Inflammatory Non-Steroidal Medications: 1. **Mechanism of Action: ** - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins responsible for inflammation and pain. 2. **Drug Effects: ** - Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. 3. **Therapeutic Uses: ** - Pain relief in conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal injuries. 4. **Side Effects and Adverse Effects: ** - Gastrointestinal issues (bleeding, ulcers), renal dysfunction, and cardiovascular risks. 5. **Toxicity and Management of Overdoses: ** - Overdose can lead to severe gastrointestinal bleeding and renal failure. Treatment involves supportive care and addressing specific symptoms. 6. **Interactions: ** - Increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulants. - Enhanced nephrotoxicity with diuretics. 7. **Nursing Responsibilities: ** - Monitor renal function (disruption of prostaglandin function by NSAIDs is sometimes strong enough to precipitate acute or chronic kidney injury or failure) and signs of gastrointestinal bleeding. - Educate patients to take NSAIDs with food or milk to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. Selected Individual Medication: Ibuprofen - Additional Information: - Ibuprofen is a commonly used NSAID with a relatively short half-life and is available over the counter. These characteristics provide a general overview, and it's important to note that individual patient responses may vary. Always consult healthcare professionals for personalized advice and management. all NSAIDs (except aspirin) share a Health Canada warning regarding an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular thrombotic events, including fatal MI and stroke NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious GI adverse events (bleeding, ulceration, perforation) older adults are at greater risk – bc their pH is more alkaline so it doesn’t get rid of the drug fast, slow GI motility,