Religion and Globalization Week 9 PDF

RELIGION and GLOBALIZATION  LEARNING OUTCOME Explain the role of religion in the creation of modern world from the age of exploration to the present. Analyze the role of globalization to religion and its impact to the enrichment or declining of people’s faith....

RELIGION and GLOBALIZATION  LEARNING OUTCOME Explain the role of religion in the creation of modern world from the age of exploration to the present. Analyze the role of globalization to religion and its impact to the enrichment or declining of people’s faith. Identify the causes of religious fundamentalism. Construct ways to promote religious tolerance and understanding. Religion Latin religare or religio meaning "to bind" or bond between God and Man. set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs. Religion Is a shared collections of transcendental beliefs that have been passed on from believers to converts, that are held by adherents to be actively meaningful and serious and either based on (1) formally documented doctrine (organized religion) or (2) established cultural practices (folk religion) Age of Exploration Westerners started to travel for various reasons and along their journey, they brought religion with them. Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage had priests and going back to the history, when they arrived in the Philippines, they conducted the First Mass in Limasawa and from then on spread Christianity. WORLD RELIGION The relationship between religion and globalization is complex.  WORLD RELIGION CHRISTIANITY HINDUISM ISLAM Latin Cross Aum Letter Crescent and Star TAOISM BUDDHISM JUDAISM Yin and Yang Dharmachakra Star of David  Judaism Judaism is a strictly monotheistic religion practiced by the Jewish people, an ethnic and religious nation descended from the historic peoples of Israel and Judah. Originated in the Middle East in at least the 500s BCE. God - Yahweh  Hinduism Hinduism is by many accounts the oldest religion in the world, due to its origins in Vedic beliefs dating as far back as the 1500s BCE. The religion has no founder. World's third largest religion.  Islam Islam is a strictly monotheistic faith founded by the prophet Muhammad in the year 607 in present-day Saudi Arabia. World's second largest religion, mostly concentrated in the Middle East and Southeast Asia.  Jainism A nontheistic religion founded in India in the 6th century BC by the Jina Vardhamana Mahavira as a reaction against the teachings of orthodox Brahmanism. The Jain religion teaches salvation by perfection through successive lives, and non injury to living creatures, and is noted for its ascetics. Christianity Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered around the personage of Jesus of Nazareth, or Jesus Christ. Christianity arose in the 30s– 50s CE as a religious offshoot of Judaism  Buddhism Buddhism is a religious tradition founded by Gautama Buddha in the early 400s BCE. Buddhism is today the fourth largest religion in the world, being the majority religion of many countries in Southeast Asia.  Shinto The word Shintō, which literally means “the way of kami” Worshiping the forces of nature. Meaning the way of God, Shinto has animistic and shamanistic beliefs that are based on respect for kami. The purpose of most Shinto rituals is to keep away evil spirits by purification, prayers and offerings to the kami.  The position and place of religion is problematized within the context of globalization These problems are centered with the relations and the impact of globalization upon religion From this point of view, even religions that are not conventionally considered Religion and “global” are nevertheless influenced by globalization Globalization  globalization as a threat to religion religion as the greatest resistance to globalization Religion vs. Globalization  Evolving trade routes led to the colonization of the Asia, Africa, Central and South America. Religion became an integral part of colonization and later on globalization. Religion has been a major feature in some historical conflicts and When did globalization the most recent wave of modern terrorism. start to influence religion?  01 Books (printing press) Tools Uniting 02 Movies People all over the world on a 03 Cellphone Apps religious basis 04 Social Network  05 Charity Tools Uniting 06 Websites People all over the world on a 07 Religious Schools religious basis 08 Travel  09 Information Technology Tools Uniting 10 Modern Transportation People all over the world on a 11 Media religious basis  PROSELYTIZATION (Promotion of religion) RELIGIOUS MARKET (Oliver Roy) Worldwide circulation of religion De- ethnicization of religion Effects of Globalization to Religion  Brings a culture of pluralism - World’s leading religious traditions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—teach values such as human dignity, equality, freedom, peace, and solidarity. Globalization has integrated cultural, ethnic, and religious differences, through a large number of international organizations such as United Nations (UN). They discuss Globalization issues like international peace and security, health issues, equality, and Promoting Religious environmental protection which are upheld by religious traditions. Tolerance  Many religions have also grown financially, providing more financial resources for religions to spread their beliefs. In short, globalization allows for religions previously isolated from one another to now have regular and unavoidable contact. As a result, globalization brings to the light the fact that since religions have similar Globalization values, not one of them is “correct” Promoting Religious and, therefore, can be changed Tolerance  The era of globalization brought enormous problems such as: Disruption of traditional communities, causes economic marginalization; brings mental stress. Globalization is associated with: Westernization Americanization. The dominance and hegemony exerted by these two processes, particularly on the Third World countries, makes religions-related cultures and Religion in Global identities take defensive measures to protect themselves. Conflict  Issues with Religion Expansion of Terrorism on religious basis Videos and audios in the internet of sermons read by missionaries which contain extremist ideas, call for crimes, murders, terrorist attacks The possibility of communicating with anyone across the world and sharing ideas provoke the spread of terrorists and expansion of their band  Issues with Religion Islamic Culture Incompatible to values that accompany globalization like liberalism, consumerism, rationalism, etc which advocate scientism and secularism. “Globalization is not only seen as a rival of Islamic ways, but also as an alien force divorced from Muslim realities. Fundamentalism and Religious Extremism Religious fundamentalism refers to the belief of an individual or a group of individuals in the absolute authority of a sacred religious text or teachings of a particular religious leader, prophet, and/ or God. These fundamentalists believe that their religion is beyond any form of criticism, and should therefore also be forced upon others. Fundamentalism and Religious Extremism For instance the fundamentalist group like Al Qaeda or Jemaah Islamiyah believes that it is their moral duty to have Jihad or holy war against the non-believers of Islam since the concept of Jihad is mentioned in Quran. Not even mentioned in Quran the use of force and violence to exact obedience and adherence to their religion. Fundamentalism and Religious Extremism UNESCO defines religious extremism as beliefs and actions that support violence to attain religious goals. All too often, religious extremists have led their followers to commit atrocities through a dogmatic belief in inhumane ideas. One prominent definition of extremism as a motivation for terrorism is that extremism comprises ideological beliefs about an obligation to bring back the political system to a form suggested by religious norms through violence (Arena and Arrigo, 2005). Fundamentalism and Religious Extremism The Islamic religion does not permit to do extremist or terrorist acts, in any of the harsh conditions. According to its teachings, bloodshed is a grave sin, regardless of whose blood it is. Here is a reference to the holy sources: "...that whoever kills a person -unless it is for murder or corruption on earth -it is as if he killed the whole of mankind; and whoever saves a person, it is as if he saved the whole of mankind.".  The literal meaning of Jihad is struggle or effort. Muslims use the word Jihad to describe three different kinds of struggle: A believer's internal struggle to live out the Muslim faith as well as possible Many modern writers claim that the main meaning of Jihad is the internal spiritual The struggle to build a good Muslim struggle, and this is accepted by many Muslims. However there are so many references to society Jihad as a military struggle in Islamic writings that it is incorrect to claim that the Holy war: the struggle to defend interpretation of Jihad as holy war is wrong. Islam, with force if necessary CONFLICTS INVOLVING DIFFERENT RELIGIONS AND RELIGION-LINKED TERRORIST ATTACKS REFUGEE PROBLEM  Conclusions Religion is definitely the integral part of The situation of religion in the world of globalization, thus they should not be today is twofold. studied separately. TWO TRENDS: secularization and The globalization is a reason to conservative offense. integrate the society around the world including the religion issue.  Conclusions Multiculturalism, immigration. Religion-based conflicts are on the rise. An increased understanding and respect Traditions going against the openness for other cultures. of the world.  There will be peace on earth when there is peace among the world religions.