Week 9 Lecture B Secondary Data PDF

Secondary Data  Learning Objectives At the end of this presentation, readings and associated activities, students will be able to: 1. Describe how secondary data can be used for a community health assessment; and 2. Identify potential sourc...

Secondary Data  Learning Objectives At the end of this presentation, readings and associated activities, students will be able to: 1. Describe how secondary data can be used for a community health assessment; and 2. Identify potential sources of secondary data.  Primary vs. Secondary Primary data are data collected first-hand by a research team through surveys, interviews, observations, etc. ‒ “New” data collected for a specific purpose (e.g., CHA) Secondary data are data collected by another entity or for another purpose ‒ “Existing” data that were previously collected but are still available and potentially useful for other purposes  Primary vs. Secondary Primary Data Secondary Data Our research team Our research team conducts a telephone accesses existing data survey of women in from the Behavioral Risk Ohio to determine how Factor Surveillance many have had a System to determine recent mammogram how many have had a recent mammogram ‒ Data originally collected by the CDC as part of a larger health-related survey  Primary vs. Secondary Up to this point, we have only discussed the use of primary data for our CHA ‒ Qualitative (interviews, focus groups, nominal groups, photovoice) ‒ Quantitative (surveys, windshield and walking surveys) But sometimes information already exists that can help inform our CHA (i.e., secondary data)  Advantages of Secondary Data Save costs associated with the collection of primary data Extremely time-efficient Many secondary data sources include large sample sizes that may not be possible with primary data collection Data may exist at several geographic levels (e.g., zip code, Census tract, town/city, county, state) Disadvantages of Secondary Data Data availability ‒ Data may not exist that you need ‒ Data exist but may be difficult to locate if you don’t know where to look Data may not perfectly meet your needs (since it was likely collected for another reason) ‒ Limited to the information that is in the dataset Timeliness of data ‒ Data may be somewhat dated since secondary data often take a while to become publicly available  My Thoughts… Secondary data alone are probably not sufficient to complete a CHA….. but secondary data can be a really valuable tool and provide useful information that can be included as part of a CHA.  What Secondary Data Exist? For a CHA, the most relevant data probably concern community-level characteristics ‒ Demographic and social characteristics ‒ Infrastructure (e.g., housing, land use, other resources) ‒ Healthcare access ‒ Health outcomes and behaviors Can provide a “snapshot” of a community and help show its health-related priorities, needs, and assets  Sources There are a lot of potential sources of secondary data for CHAs, but common ones include: ‒ Census and other national surveys ‒ Medical records and other administrative data from health systems ‒ Claims data (e.g., Medicare data) ‒ Vital records ‒ Surveillance systems  Census & Other National Surveys Census (https://www.census.gov/data.html) and American Community Survey (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs) ‒ Demographics ‒ Economic data (e.g., employment, occupation) ‒ Social (e.g., place of birth, migration, language) ‒ Housing (e.g., ownership, housing value, vehicles) County Health Rankings ‒ https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/ ‒ Ranks US counties on several demographic, economic, and health-related characteristics  Census & Other National Surveys National Health Interview Survey ‒ https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm ‒ Broad range of health topics are collected through personal household interviews National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ‒ https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm ‒ Combines interviews and physical examinations Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ‒ https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.html ‒ Survey examining health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services  Vital Records National Vital Statistics System ‒ https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvs s/index.htm ‒ Births, deaths, fetal deaths, cause of death, marriages/divorces, life expectancy  Surveillance Systems National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System ‒ https://www.cdc.gov/nndss/ ‒ Tracks and monitors specific diseases (both infectious and noninfectious) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program ‒ https://seer.cancer.gov/ ‒ Tracks and monitors cancer-related outcomes (e.g., incidence, mortality, staging) State health departments and disease registries  Example Suppose we want to conduct a CHA examining obesity in Ohio How could we use secondary data to contribute to our CHA?  Example We can probably find several pieces of valuable information through secondary data: ‒ Characteristics of our “community” ‒ Prevalence of obesity ‒ Adverse health outcomes associated with obesity ‒ Health behaviors related to obesity These data can help show that obesity is a priority health issue in Ohio and demonstrate the need for interventions/programs  Community Characteristics Data from the American Community Survey show us characteristics that may put people at greater risk of obesity (e.g., race/ethnicity, poverty) For example, these data show us that 31.1% of Ohio households had an income of