Socialization Lecture Notes PDF

**Understanding Culture, Society and Politics** **Lecture 5** **Socialization** is the ongoing process by which individuals learn the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors expected of them by their society. **Key Aspects of Socialization:** - **Development of Self:** Socialization helps indivi...

**Understanding Culture, Society and Politics** **Lecture 5** **Socialization** is the ongoing process by which individuals learn the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors expected of them by their society. **Key Aspects of Socialization:** - **Development of Self:** Socialization helps individuals develop a sense of self, including their identity and personality. - **Role Learning**: We learn how to behave in different social situations and fulfill various roles (e.g., student, worker, parent). - **Cultural Transmission:** Socialization ensures the continuation of cultural values and traditions across generations. - **Social Integration:** It helps individuals become functioning members of their society and contribute to its well-being. **Socialization and Its Setting** **One cannot learn on his/her own; it is always** vital to every person's existence to experience learning as he lives with others. We cannot simply teach ourselves on how to read without learning it directly or indirectly from others. Just like in school, we cannot learn on our own; **we need books written by others as well as we are in need to be taught by our classmates and teachers.** **The Processes of Socialization** Many of the things we know today are the result of imitation from others' actions. (Dancing) As we live in this, it is inevitable to go through the process of socialization. Experiencing others' existence leads us to the development of our being every day. From the day we were born until today, we are in the process of learning many things regarding our being as well as the processes our personal and social life have. We learn to be good by seeing or experiencing what is good. **It is always vital in correct socialization to learn the right things dictated by our norms, beliefs, and values.** **The Consequences of Socialization** **Experiencing to be one of the members of our society has much to do with the development and outcome of our being. We are able to portray roles because of what we have observed as well as what we have experienced. Each member has to contribute in taking his/her roles in order for our society to function well.** (Barangay Assembly) Our society has its different parts catering different needs each individual has. We socialize in a way that it will contribute to the progress and order. Since the day you were born, you started socializing with different people, primarily your immediate family members. From there, you have experienced many things such as discipline, love, care, and many life lessons vital to your own growth (e.g. proper hygiene, respect for others). Parents usually teach their children to count numbers using their fingers. A typical Filipino family is hands-on when it comes to rearing their children. *We cannot live without going through the learning process, be it formal or informal. This is vital to the harmony within the society we are living in. Acquisition process as well as things to be acquired should be bound by the society's norms in order for an individual to contribute to the process as well as in the result of socialization.* **Socialization and Current Situation** Human being in nature cannot live alone; we are all interdependent. It is essential for us to learn about the present-day problems, ways of life, and trends in order to cope up and perpetuate. Social life continues and evolves through socialization. Socialization is unending process of learning through our own experiences or through institutions we have in our communities. **(Stagnant ayaw mo nman, Db)**Various agents teach us the ways of life and on how to be skillful members of our society. **(Kanino at san ba tayo natututo?)** Socialization defines the way on how people understands social norms (the standard of behavior), to accept beliefs, and to be aware of values. It is not the same with socializing (interrelating with others, like peers, family, and schoolmates); to be specific, it is a sociological process that occurs through socializing. It has always been the interest of the sociologist to study the patterns of behavior and attitudes that emerge throughout the life course, from infancy to old age. These are essential parts of socialization wherein people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors proper for members of a society. Socialization occurs through human interactions that begin in infancy and continue until one dies. We learn many important things from our immediate family members, friends, and teachers. We have learned how to behave properly and what to expect after we follow the society's norms and values. It teaches us the transmission of culture (way of life) to ensure the continuity of our society (Shaefer, 2013). **The Way We Learn!** We are all born unto this world without culture. We must be transformed by the people around us into cultural and socially skillful individuals. This transformation is a process regarded as socialization. Socialization is a never- ending learning process that begins soon after birth. Early childhood is the period of the most intense and the most critical socialization. (BABY TALK) During this process we learn about tangible and intangible aspect of our society's culture. **(LOVE, Languange, dance)** One good example is how to wash hands properly while we sing happy birthday song. According to O'neill (2011), we learn about occupational roles, as well, that our society expects us to learn. In the process of acquiring norms for the society, the border between what is right and wrong becomes clearer in our perspective. While socialization is the gaining of culture in general, **enculturation is a term for being socialized to a specific culture**. All of us were enculturated to specific culture at home by our parents and guardians. In the process of **personality development**, socialization is always vital. Part of our personality is the result of genes, but through socialization it is shaped in a specific direction. **(the way we dress, communicate and behaviour)** We are stimulated by specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively choosing involvements, practices, and undertakings. This explains much of the variance between personality types of individuals in the society in comparison to others (O'neill, 2011). **Types of Socialization According to Brim (2008)** **Primary Socialization** - refers to socialization during the earliest life of an individual. It is when an infant learns language and cognitive skills, adopts norms and values gradually through his/her family members. Example: An eleven-month-old baby boy is being taught by his mom to hug his older brother. **Secondary Socialization** - refers to the process where socialization occurs through peer groups. The growing individual learns lessons in social conduct from his/her peers. Example: A grade twelve student is learning to use the famous application "Tiktok" through her classmates. **Adult Socialization** - refers to the process of role-taking. This teaches an individual to take duties and greater responsibilities such as work, raising a family, being a parent and spouse. Example: A woman is married to her long-time boyfriend at the age of 28. They take the roles of being husband, wife, and eventually parents. a. **Anticipatory Socialization** - refers to the process by which an individual learns the culture of a group with expectation of joining that group. Example: When a grade eleven student chooses to join Chess Club, she is expected to be trained with her teammates every Friday during Physical Education time. b. **Resocialization** - refers to the process of declining former conduct and accepting new ones as part of changes in one's life. One departs the former undesirable lifestyle and accepts new patterns for better. Example: A young adult who had been into alcoholism since he was 18 years old chose to be rehabilitated. 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