Week-5 Process Of Evolution PDF

The Process of Evolution Abbey Gail Chem Lam-an Pancho Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS) ▪Explain how populations of organisms have changed and continue to change over time showing patterns of descent with modification from common ancestors to produce the organismal diversity observed...

The Process of Evolution Abbey Gail Chem Lam-an Pancho Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS) ▪Explain how populations of organisms have changed and continue to change over time showing patterns of descent with modification from common ancestors to produce the organismal diversity observed today. ▪Describe how the present system of classification of organisms is based on evolutionary relationships. What did you notice about the pictures from ancient to modern times? A C D B 1 2 3 4 Invention and Evolution of Television Evolution of Plants Evolution of Fish EVOLUTION OF POKÉMON?! Topic Outline 1. Overview 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 1. Overview ▪Evolution is the way that living things or a population of living things change over time. Topic Outline 1. Overview 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882) ▪A new era of biology began in 1859 when Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882) ▪Darwin's theory explained how every living thing is connected in a family tree that stretches back billions of years to the beginning of life on Earth. 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology Darwin’s Voyage on the Beagle  2. Era of Evolutionary Biology Individuals that were poorly adapted were less likely to survive and their characteristics were not as likely to be inherited. Tortoise species in Galapagos island  2. Era of Evolutionary Biology Individuals that were poorly adapted were less likely to survive and their characteristics were not as likely to be inherited. Iguanas in Galapagos island 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology Finches species in Galapagos island  2. Era of Evolutionary Biology Over time, the characteristics that help survival become more common and a species gradually changes. Given enough time, these small changes can add up to the extent that a new species altogether can evolve. Finches species in Galapagos island 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882) An English naturalist. He explained evolution through: Natural selection - The individuals that are suited or well-adapted to the environment have greater chances of reproduction. These individuals are said to have "higher fitness." 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882) An English naturalist. In a descent with modification, certain characteristics are passed down from the ancestral species to the most recent species. 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? THOMAS MALTHUS (1766-1834) He is an English economist and demographer. He believed that population grow geometrically while resources slowly increases or not at all, leading to competition. 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? THOMAS MALTHUS (1766-1834) 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707–1778) A Swedish naturalist and explorer. Father of Taxonomy 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707–1778) Taxonomy is a branch of Biology that refers to the process of classifying different living species. 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707–1778) Started the binomial system of nomenclature 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707–1778) 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? ALFRED WALLACE (1823-1913) A British humanist, naturalist, and social critic. He realized that species evolved because fittest individuals survived and reproduced passing their advantageous characteristics. 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK (1744–1829) A French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. No extinction of species: species disappeared because they evolved into different species. 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology ACTIVITY 1: THE WHO? JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK (1744–1829) He proposed the Theory of Use and Disuse and Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK (1744–1829) Theory of Use and Disuse the idea that parts of the body that are used extensively become larger and stronger, while those that are not used deteriorate. 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK (1744–1829) Theory of Use and Disuse 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK (1744–1829) Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics stated that an organism could pass certain modifications to its offspring. 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK (1744–1829) Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 1. Who is the Father of Evolution? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Charles Darwin D. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 2. Who proposed the theory of use and disuse? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Charles Darwin D. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 3. Who is the Father of Taxonomy? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck D. Thomas Malthus SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 4. Who believed that when populations grow geometrically, resources slowly increase leading to competition? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck D. Thomas Malthus SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 5. According to his theory of evolution, organisms change during their lifetime to survive then pass these changes to their offspring. Who is the scientist credited for this theory? A. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck B. Charles Darwin D. Thomas Malthus SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 1. Who is the Father of Evolution? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Charles Darwin D. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 1. Who is the Father of Evolution? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Charles Darwin D. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 2. Who proposed the theory of use and disuse? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Charles Darwin D. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 2. Who proposed the theory of use and disuse? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Charles Darwin D. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 3. Who is the Father of Taxonomy? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck D. Thomas Malthus SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 3. Who is the Father of Taxonomy? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck D. Thomas Malthus SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 4. Who believed that when populations grow geometrically, resources slowly increase leading to competition? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck D. Thomas Malthus SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 4. Who believed that when populations grow geometrically, resources slowly increase leading to competition? A. Alfred Russel Wallace B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck D. Thomas Malthus SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 5. According to his theory of evolution, organisms change during their lifetime to survive then pass these changes to their offspring. Who is the scientist credited for this theory? A. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck B. Charles Darwin D. Thomas Malthus SW ___ : Evolution (PART 1) 5. According to his theory of evolution, organisms change during their lifetime to survive then pass these changes to their offspring. Who is the scientist credited for this theory? A. Carolus Linnaeus C. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck B. Charles Darwin D. Thomas Malthus 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.1 Genetic drift 3.2 Migration/Gene flow 3.3 Mutation 3.4 Natural selection 3.5 Nonrandom mating Topic Outline 1. Overview 2. Era of Evolutionary Biology 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.1 Genetic drift It is a change in the gene pool of a population due to a chance of event Examples are the bottleneck effect and founder effect 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.1 Genetic drift Bottleneck effect takes place when population decreases due to various environmental factors such as fires, earthquakes, and floods 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.1 Genetic drift Bottleneck effect takes place when population decreases due to various environmental factors such as fires, earthquakes, and floods  3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.1 Genetic drift Bottleneck effect Cheetahs have survived at least two genetic bottleneck events. The first one occurred about 100,000 years ago when cheetahs left America to spread out across multiple continents. The second event was about 11,000 years ago, at the end of the last ice age  3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.1 Genetic drift Founder effect happens when a small population of organisms separates from the larger group to invade new area  3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.1 Genetic drift The Galapagos (Darwin's) finches represent several species of finch that all resemble a mainland finch, but with various modifications. 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.2 Migration/Gene flow Emigration refers to the movement of a population away from a location (leaving). Immigration is the movement into a location (coming) 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.2 Migration/Gene flow 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.2 Migration/Gene flow 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.2 Migration/Gene flow The movement of genes from one population to another. It increases the gene diversity in the population. 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.2 Migration/Gene flow 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.2 Migration/Gene flow In Europe, Homo sapiens interbred with Neanderthals resulting in gene flow between these populations. This gene flow has resulted in Neanderthal alleles in modern European population. 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.3 Mutation Occurs when there is a change in the genetic make up caused by environmental stressors or mutagens It expands diversity of organisms 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.3 Mutation Occurs when there is a change in the genetic make up caused by environmental stressors or mutagens It expands diversity of organisms 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.3 Mutation Albino pythons are the result of a recessive genetic mutation that prevents the production of melanin, the pigment that gives snakes their typical dark colors 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.3 Causes of Mutation 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.4 Natural selection It explains the difference in survival of individual and reproduce in a particular environment 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.4 Natural selection An example can be seen in wooly mammoths. The mammoths with thicker fur survived better compared to ones with thinner fur. These were the ones that passed on their genetic material to their offspring. 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.4 Natural selection 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.5 Nonrandom mating It increases the frequency of animal with desirable traits. It causes evolution because it intrudes the naturals pool of gene variations. 3. Mechanisms of Evolution 3.5 Nonrandom mating Sexual selection is the attraction of mates to each other in order to gain traits that enhance species survival. LEARNING CHECKPOINT! SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 1. What refers to the change in the gene pool of population due to chance? A. bottleneck effect B. founder effect C. gene flow D. genetic drift SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 2. What refers to any movement of genes from one population to another? A. gene flow B. genetic shuffling C. genetic variation D. mutation SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 3. Which of the following happens when a small population of organisms separates from the larger group to invade a new area? A. bottleneck effect B. founder effect C. gene flow D. genetic drift SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 4. Which of the following occurs when there is a change in genetic makeup of organism? A. gene flow B. genetic drift C. mutation D. natural selection SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 5. Which of the following explains the difference in survival of individuals that reproduce in a particular environment? A. evolution B. gene flow C. gradualism D. natural selection LEARNING CHECKPOINT! SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 1. What refers to the change in the gene pool of population due to chance? A. bottleneck effect B. founder effect C. gene flow D. genetic drift SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 1. What refers to the change in the gene pool of population due to chance? A. bottleneck effect B. founder effect C. gene flow D. genetic drift SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 2. What refers to any movement of genes from one population to another? A. gene flow B. genetic shuffling C. genetic variation D. mutation SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 2. What refers to any movement of genes from one population to another? A. gene flow B. genetic shuffling C. genetic variation D. mutation SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 3. Which of the following happens when a small population of organisms separates from the larger group to invade a new area? A. bottleneck effect B. founder effect C. gene flow D. migration SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 3. Which of the following happens when a small population of organisms separates from the larger group to invade a new area? A. bottleneck effect B. founder effect C. gene flow D. genetic drift SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 4. Which of the following occurs when there is a change in genetic makeup of organism? A. gene flow B. genetic drift C. mutation D. natural selection SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 4. Which of the following occurs when there is a change in genetic makeup of organism? A. gene flow B. genetic drift C. mutation D. natural selection SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 5. Which of the following explains the difference in survival of individuals that reproduce in a particular environment? A. evolution B. gene flow C. gradualism D. natural selection SW # __ : Evolution (PART 2) 5. Which of the following explains the difference in survival of individuals that reproduce in a particular environment? A. evolution B. gene flow C. gradualism D. natural selection References LRDMS Portal. Science Modules. December 29, 2014. Accessed October 13, 2019: https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/757 Reece, Jane B. & Meyers, Noel. & Urry, Lisa A. & Cain, Michael L. & Wasserman, Steven A. & Minorsky, Peter V. & Jackson, Robert B. & Cooke, Bernard J. & Campbell, Neil A. (2015). Campbell biology. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson. END OF PRESENTATION