Week 4 Our Ageing Society 2024 Class Slides PDF

Our Aging Society Population Structures Some stats...on society aging Canadian population over 65 years old: In 2005 = 4.2 million or 13.1% of population In 2021 = 7.0 million or 18.6% of population (Stats Can) In 2036 = 9,800,000 or 24.5% of population Or… 1 in 4 Ca...

Our Aging Society Population Structures Some stats...on society aging Canadian population over 65 years old: In 2005 = 4.2 million or 13.1% of population In 2021 = 7.0 million or 18.6% of population (Stats Can) In 2036 = 9,800,000 or 24.5% of population Or… 1 in 4 Canadians Makes Canada’s population one of the oldest populations in the world - Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007) Percentage of persons aged 65 or older in the Canadian population from 1921 to 2005 and projections to 2056 Sources: Statistics Canada, Censuses of Canada; Population projections for Canada, provinces and territories. >27% 13% 7.8% 5% Also see Exhibit 4.1 in text 4 Fotor 4.5.jpg 65 years old and over More young than old at the base of the pyramid Changing pyramid shape Pyramid is inverting; old population increasing in proportion to young - cited in Novak and Campbell (2010) 5 Our society is ageing !!! Discussion: Aging was better in the Past or Present Day? In the Past-Why? In the Present-Why? We will look at :  Why Canadian society has aged  The population structure of Canada today  The impact of population aging on Canada’s social systems such as healthcare and government pensions Some Key Terms  Life expectancy  average number of years a person may expect to live  Life span  maximum number of years a person may expect to live  Birth rate  # of births per 1,000 women  Death rate  # of deaths per 1,000 people  Social structures  patterned social arrangements arising from or which determine actions of individuals 9 Why Canadian society has aged  Decline in the birth rate Primary cause of population aging - after 1965-1971 Canada had a baby bust (decreased fertility rate)  Decline in the death rate By early 20th century death rates began to drop across the country-life expectancy at age 65 had increased for men (78 years) and women(78.7 years) and today 83.3 years for women  Immigration played the smallest role in the aging of Canada’s population Decline in Birth Rates due to: Fertility rate = the average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime Two phenomena at work: 1. Baby Boom (1951-1971)  Average 4 children per woman  Result of good economy and large number of immigrants of childbearing age 2. Baby Bust (after 1971)  Birth control  Women entering work force 11 Decline in Birth Rates continued…  View on having children changed  Liability versus asset  Lifestyle changes  Mothers having first child later in life  Birth rate is below that needed to replace the population  Number of older adults will increase dramatically as baby boomers approach 65 12 Decline in Death Rate due to: Decreased infant deaths Improved medical procedures / medicines Improved disease control Improved nutrition and standard of living Immigration  Smallest role in aging of Canada’s population structure  (Older adults comprised only a small percentage of total immigrant population in the recent years)  Main impact = increased diversity  organizations servicing older people must account for diversity  hospitals  long term care homes  doctor’s offices  public transportation  food/restaurant industry  government offices  leisure/recreational facilities 14 Relevance  Understand the changes in the population  Understand the effects of ageing on population structures  Population structure – composition of a given population- look at:  Age  Gender  Socioeconomic class  Race  Ethnicity  Understand the effects of ageing on resource allocation  Predict the changes in health care as a result of population changes  Strategize on how to provide relevant health care services 15 Ageing in the World Today 1. In 2036, population of people aged 65 and over is projected to be ~25% in Canada 2. Developing countries will show greatest percentage increase in older adults  2/3 of older people will be living in developing countries 3. Developing countries will have to spread scarce resources among all age groups  may mean few services for seniors 16 Application How will your views on career, family, migration and health impact the population structure? 18 Other Conditions Impact on the Population 1. Older people are getting older 2. Ethnicity - older people as a diverse group 3. Migration and travel - older people on the move 4. Women living longer 19 1. Older people getting older  Unprecedented social phenomenon  New demands on society  Most heterogeneous(diverse) group of any age group  Greater fiscal (financial) responsibility on younger citizens  Largest consumer of tax dollars 20 2. Older people as a diverse group - Ethnicity  Immigrants  larger percentage of older people than any other age group  immigrated as young adults or to join family  Factors affecting support / resources  family size  population concentration  cultural values  location of residence (urban vs. rural)  proportion to young 21 What are some of the benefits and disadvantages of being an older person from a foreign country? 22 3. Older people on the move – Geographic Mobility  Migration patterns show a flow of seniors in and out of different geographical areas but only a small percentage move between provinces  3 stages of later life and migration: 1. Retirement (no longer need to live near work) 2. Onset of disability (may move closer to children) 3. Severe disability (move to LTC/other institution) 23 Why do older adults move? Migrate? 1. Climate 2. Amenities 3. Socialization 4. Recreation 4. Women living longer  Death rates decreasing faster than they have for men  56% of all older people in 2010  Health care, income support, social support programs and housing have greater impact on women due to the large size of the female population-programs will affect them more for more years 25 How does the aging population affect the younger population? Complex issue - may lead to more costs in pension and healthcare but also: May stay in workforce longer Spend more money to boost the economy Volunteer work Unpaid labour (babysitting) for children Predicted Challenges  Ageing population  Dependency on younger population  Age 20-60 provide for young and old  Workforce issues (older adults staying in workforce longer)  Pension programs  Cost of health care – debate 27 Modern Industrial Society: Industrialization  Defining Characteristics:  Factories  Worked in cities  As increased status of young -status of older adults dropped  Young gained independence  earned money elsewhere- able to accumulate wealth outside the family  gained financial freedom  achieved social independence  Early inequities  retirement rules  age discrimination 29 Demographic Transition continued…  What is the effect on the proportion of older people in the society?  Old age became more common and older person lost privileged status  What was the effect on the status of elders in Modern Industrial Society?  Status of older people decreased with increased modernization. 30 Post-industrial Society (i.e. Canada) Today  Defining Characteristics  Living better than any other time in history  Improvement in public and private pension programs  Increased older people’s independence and freedom  Mandatory retirement  Status of older people  Negative attitudes still prevail 31 Ageing Today-Trends  Removal of mandatory retirement  Changing image in the media  Information age  focus on cognitive status not physical status  Increasing numbers of elderly  decreased birth rates and increased longevity 32