Week 3 - Models of Psychopathology PDF

Overview Models of Psychopathology Model Comparison Biological Model Explanations Treatments Pros and Cons Psychodynamic Model Explanations Treatments Pros and Cons Cognitive-Behavioral Model Behavioral Model Cognitive Model Pros and Cons Mo...

Overview Models of Psychopathology Model Comparison Biological Model Explanations Treatments Pros and Cons Psychodynamic Model Explanations Treatments Pros and Cons Cognitive-Behavioral Model Behavioral Model Cognitive Model Pros and Cons Models of Psychopathology Model Also called: paradigm Theory framework used to create new hypotheses, predict outcomes, organize observations More emphasis Less emphasis on biology on biology Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Biological Model Biological Model Explains psychopathology as occurring because of malfunctions inside one’s body Emphasizes brain chemistry and brain circuits Brain Chemistry Brain Chemistry Brain Chemistry Neurotransmitters Chemicals used for communication across synapses Hormones Chemicals used for communication between organs Brain Circuits Regions of the brain that work together to coordinate behavior Brain Circuits If all regions coordinate well together, improves functioning If regions fail to coordinate, mental illness Biological Model Explanations Genetic factors Most mental illnesses show heritability Depression risk: 15% if no parent with depression; 30% if 1 parent with depression Schizophrenia risk: 0.5% if no parent with schizophrenia; 9% if 1 parent with schizophrenia Suggests role of genes in pathology Biological Model Explanations Evolution Processes that helped our ancestors stay alive may harm modern humans Biological Model Treatments Drug therapies Brain stimulation Psychosurgery Biological Model Pros Excellent scientific rigor Most studies replicate Good external validity across cultures Good internal validity of experiments Biological Model Cons What does it not account for? Biological Model Cons Treatments have side effects Drug therapies often cause stomach problems Brain stimulation can impair memory formation Psychosurgery carries infection risk Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Psychodynamic Model Psychodynamic Model Explains psychopathology as occurring because of conflicts in the unconscious (not aware) part of one’s mind Emphasizes conflict and desire Desire Self Theory Explains humans as driven to make strong and whole selves, to be consistent Desire Object Relations Theory Explains humans as driven to build positive relationships with others Psychopathology arises because of conflict with parents Conflict Most psychopathology explained through early childhood conflict within family Psychodynamic Model Treatments First model to use talk therapy Series of meetings between an impartial expert and a client that try to resolve life problems and improve emotional well-being Psychodynamic Model Treatments Free association Client encouraged to speak about whatever comes to mind Therapist guides them toward insights about why mind works the way it does Psychodynamic Model Pros Invented talk therapy Invented theory-driven psychology Psychodynamic Model Cons How do we test this in the lab? Psychodynamic Model Cons Poor external validity Freud working in a uniquely sexually repressed time and place — reflected in clients’ fears Idea of sexuality as mostly denied/hated doesn’t replicate in modern U.S. Psychodynamic Model Cons Poor internal validity Not clear that unconscious mind causes conflict because untestable Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Cognitive-Behavioral Model Cognitive-Behavioral Model Technically two models combined Behavioral Model Explains psychopathology as learned behavior, acquired through conditioning Cognitive Model Explains psychopathology as result of flawed thinking and irrational beliefs Behavioral Model What is classical conditioning? Behavioral Model What is operant conditioning? Behavioral Model What is social learning? Behavioral Model How might these mechanisms contribute to maladaptive learned behaviors? Behavioral Model How might these contribute to maladaptive learned behaviors? “We don’t talk to her anymore. She’s a slut.” “Either get your grades up, or don’t expect to live in my house anymore.” “Good on you for not crying. I love that you never complain.” “He’s homeless? Must not have been raised right.”