Chapter 2: An Integrative Approach To Psychopathology PDF

II. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Prepared By: QUINCY G. TANHUECO, MP  MODEL Models help mental health professionals In a general sense, understand...

II. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Prepared By: QUINCY G. TANHUECO, MP  MODEL Models help mental health professionals In a general sense, understand mental illness a model is defined as a since disorders such as representation or imitation depression cannot be of an object touched or experienced (dictionary.com). firsthand.  ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL Stated that Example: psychopathology is a  Schizophrenia or a caused by a physical phobia is caused by a abnormality or by chemical imbalance or conditioning is to accept a linear or one-dimensional by growing up model, which attempts to surrounded by trace the origins of behavior overwhelming conflicts to a single cause. among family member.  MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODEL This perspective on causality is systemic, which derives from the word system Implies that any particular influence contributing to psychopathology cannot be considered out of context.  MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODEL In this case, the biology and behavior of the individual, as well as the cognitive, emotional, social, and cultural environment, because any one component of the system inevitably affects the other components.  MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODEL Biological Influences Psychological Influences Causes Sociocultural Influences DISORDER Biopsychosocial Influences  Biological Viewpoint  Biological Causal Factors: 1. Neurotransmitter and Hormonal Imbalances  Mental disorders are viewed as 2. Genetic Vulnerabilities diseases, thus, they are Chromosomal Abnormalities disorders of the central nervous Faulty genes system, autonomic nervous 3. Constitutional Liabilities system, or the endocrine Physical handicap system, that are either inherited Temperament or caused by some 4. Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity 5. Physical Deprivation or Disruption pathological causes. - Basic physiological needs - Stimulation and activity  Psychological Viewpoint  Psychological Causal Factors: 1. Schema and self-schema  We begin life with few built-in Assimilation and Accommodation patterns and a great capacity 2. Early Deprivation or Trauma to learn from experience. What 3. Inadequate Parenting Styles we do learn from our Parental psychopathology experiences may help us face Parenting Styles challenges resourcefully and Inadequate, irrational, angry may lead to resilience in the communication face of future stressors 4. Marital Discord and Divorce 5. Maladaptive Peer Relationships  Sociocultural Viewpoint  The development of maladaptive behavior can be  Sociocultural Causal Factors: affected by the social and 1. Social Roles (e.g., gender roles) cultural context. 2. Pathogenic Societal Influences  Outside of biological and Low Socioeconomic Status and psychological factors on Unemployment mental illness, race, ethnicity, Disorder-Engendering Social Roles gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual (e.g., Soldier) orientation, etc. also play a Prejudice and Discrimination role, and this is the basis of Social Change and Uncertainty sociocultural viewpoint.  Biopsychosocial Viewpoint Most disorders are the result of many interacting causal factors—biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural. The particular combination of causal factors may be relatively unique for an individual.  Diathesis- Stress Model DIATHESIS STRESS A predisposition toward  It is the response or experience of an developing a disorder is individual to demands that he or she perceives as taxing or exceeding his or termed a diathesis. Many her personal resources. mental disorders are believed to develop when  It usually occurs when an individual some kind of stressor experiences chronic or episodic events that are undesirable and lead to operates on a person who behavioral, physiological, and cognitive has a diathesis or vulnerability accommodations (Baum & Posluszny, for that disorder 1999).  Diathesis- Stress Model NOTE:  It is important to note that factors contributing to the development of a diathesis are themselves sometimes highly potent stressors, as when a child experiences the death of a parent and may hereby acquire a predisposition or diathesis for becoming depressed later in life. THANK YOU!