Week 3. Concepts & Nature of Research as Applied to Cooperatives PDF

❑ Understanding the Basics of Research ❑ Why Have a Research Subject? CONCEPTS & ❑ Cooperative Research Agenda NATUREOF ❑ Introduction to Research ❑ The Research Concepts RESEARCH AS ❑ What Research Is an...

❑ Understanding the Basics of Research ❑ Why Have a Research Subject? CONCEPTS & ❑ Cooperative Research Agenda NATUREOF ❑ Introduction to Research ❑ The Research Concepts RESEARCH AS ❑ What Research Is and Not APPLIED TO ❑ Criteria for Selecting a Research COOPERATIVES Topic & Title PROF. REBECCA E. PALMA Course Adviser & Asst. Director for ❑ Common Mistakes in Research Writing Institutional and international Quality Assurance, PUP Understanding the Basics of Research 1. Art. 15, Section 10 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states, “The State shall give priority to research and development, invention, innovation, and their utilization, and to science and technology education, training, and services. 2. It shall support indigenous, appropriate, a n d s e l f - r e l i a n t scientific and technological capabilities and their application to the country’s productive systems and national life.” 3. Art. 15, Section 11 also states that “Congress may provide incentives, including tax deductions, to encourage private participation in programs of basic and applied scientific research….. Priority Discipline Clusters Science & Mathematics Education and Teacher Training Health & Health Profession Information & Communication Technology Engineering, Maritime & Architecture Agriculture Environmental Science Humanities Social Sciences Other disciplines as identified by CHED Why have research subject? To make higher education responsive to the needs of the time, the curriculum in all courses leading to a Bachelor’s Degree incorporates research as one of the requirements. Some schools require thesis writing as a pre-requisite for graduation  VITAL COMPONENTS OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS Formulation of the Research Problem or Question and Design Review of Related Literature Refining the Research Problem and Sub- Problem and Research Designing Identification of the Research Methodology and Detailing the Activities Entailed Developing/Writing the Research Proposal Gathering and Processing of Data Writing the Research Report  COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AGENDA ▪ The CSSD Department of Cooperatives and Social Development (DCSD) responds to the needs of the local, regional, national, global community specially to the demands of the Cooperative Sectors. Its PRIORITY AREAS and RESEARCH AGENDA are anchored on the: 1. National Higher Education Research Agenda (NHERA) 2023-2028 2. National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) 2023-2028 3. Cooperative Development Authority 4. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Research Agenda & Priorities (PUPRAP)  DCSD Research Goals 1. Provide research services in line with the curriculum development of the DCSD Academic Program 2. Provide high-level research capability- building program to cooperatives 3. Promote research consciousness and interest on cooperative development among schools, cooperatives, non- government and government  DCSD Research Goals 4. Develop and enhance instructional materials 5. Establish a Cooperative Data Bank and research arm specializing in Cooperatives 6. Enrich and widen access to the College Learning & Research Resource Center  COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AGENDA 1. Business, Economics, and Cooperative Management ✓ Cooperative Strategies & Enterprise Development for Poverty Alleviation and Food Security ✓ The 17 Sustainable Development Goals ✓ Distributive, innovative, integrative/associative economics development and promotion ✓ Impact Studies on agri and non-agri-based cooperatives as vehicles for poverty alleviation ✓ Incubation, commercialization and up-scaling cooperative production, marketing, and services ✓ Economics of globalization and trade Liberalization  COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AGENDA 2. Social Sciences, History, Culture & Governance ✓ Cooperative and Disaster preparedness, environment and sustainable communities ✓ The Filipino Coop Culture ✓ Family and Cooperatives ✓ Community-Academe Relations ✓ Leadership, Management and Governance in the Philippine /Asian Context ✓ Cooperative Best Practices, and Policies ✓ Impact of Cooperative on Social Cohesion  COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AGENDA 3. Education and Institutional Research ✓ Evaluation Studies in Curricular Offerings and Learning Strategies ✓ Tracer Studies – Bachelor in Cooperatives and Post Baccalaureate in Cooperative Management Programs ✓ Quality and Effectiveness of Cooperatives Education and Training ✓ Community-Industry-University Partnership ✓ Benchmark of Cooperative and Business Education and Professional Practice ✓ Evaluation of Immersion, Coop Practice and Internship Programs ✓ Technological development support to people-based enterprises  COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AGENDA 4. Dissemination and Publication of DCSD Researches ✓ DCSD disseminates its research outputs to intended audiences and beneficiaries through fora, and other appropriate medium such as CCSD website.  Defining Research ⚫ Process of identifying possible solutions to the complex problems of man. ⚫ A systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena (Kerlinger, 1992).  Defining Research ⚫Discovery of the truth. ⚫Gathering of data to solve a problem. ⚫An attempt to gain solutions to problems. Introduction to Research  What is Research? Research is finding out what you do not know yet. No one knows everything, but everybody knows something. However, to complicate matters, often what you know, or think you know, is incorrect This is a hard thing for many people to accept. Researchers are knowledge workers, so they use knowledge tools to do their work (Davis & Parker, 1997). 2 Basic Purposes of Research learn something and/or gather evidence What & Why Do We Like to Learn? > it’s for our own benefit to know about different fields of interest—sports, science, coop, behavior, music, IT, religion, universe > what we learn is what we use to communicate… and then for learning more and more If, however, you haven't learned more than your audience already knows, there is nothing for you to share. Thus you do research. 2 Basic Purposes of Research Why gather evidence? > to show that what you know or learned is correct or part of the whole truth.  Pure or Basic Three Types research of Research Original Research Secondary Research Pure or Basic Research The fun of pure research is that you are not looking for anything in particular Carried out for advancement of knowledge, theories or principles, without defined long-term or immediate economic or social benefit  Original Research Original, or primary research is looking for information that nobody else has found. It is to discover something new like-- > knowing people’s responses to advertising > how prison sentences influence crime rates > doing tests, observations, experiments, etc Original research requires two things: 1) knowing what has already been discovered, having a background on the subject; hence must do secondary research first 2) formulating a method to find out what you want to know. Here you decide how best to find the information you need to arrive at a conclusion. This method may be using focus groups, interviews, observations, expeditions, experiments, surveys, etc.  Secondary Research is finding out what others have discovered through original research and trying to reconcile conflicting viewpoints or conclusions, find new relationships between normally non-related research, and arrive at your own conclusion based on others' work. e.g. The great extinction & impact theory, strengthened somewhat by the discovery of the crater in the Yucatan Peninsula, yet still not convincing enough therefore still being challenged by other scientific researches  What a True Research Is  Research originates with a question in the mind of the researcher.  Research cannot proceed without a clear articulation of a goal.  Research requires a specific plan of procedure.  Research usually considers the principal area of investigation by dividing it into more manageable sub areas.  Research seeks direction through appropriate hypotheses based upon obvious assumptions.  Research deals with facts and their meanings.  Research is circular.  What Research is Not  Research is not mere information gathering.  Research is not mere transportation of facts from one location to another.  Research is not merely rummaging for information.  Research is not a catchword to get attention.  Criteria in Selecting a Research Problem/Topic ⚫Novelty and avoidance of duplication. ⚫Importance to the field represented and immediate need for implementation. ⚫Interest, intellectual curiosity and drive. ⚫Training and personal qualifications. ⚫Availability of data and feasibility of method. ⚫Special equipment and working conditions. ⚫Sponsorship and administrative cooperation. ⚫Costs and returns. ⚫Hazards, penalties and handicaps. ⚫Time factor. Characteristics of a GOOD RESEARCH TOPIC/TITLE ◼Itmust be relevant to the needs of time. ◼It must be within the researcher’s interest and capabilities. ◼It must be clear, specific, & attainable within a given period of time. ◼Isshould not be harmful to people & society. ◼It must be original and new. ◼It should provide information for planning, development, legislation, generalization, and formulation of theories. ◼If you are writing research titles avoid redundancies. ◼Itis directed towards the solution of a problem. ◼Itis based upon observable experience and empirical evidence that are accurate. ◼Research requires expertise. ◼It strives to be objective and logical. ◼Itis carefully recorded and reported. ◼Itis patient and unhurried activity that requires time, courage, and effort. Creating a Research Working Title The Final Title. Effective titles in academic research papers have several characteristics. These are: 1. Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study. 2. Avoid using abbreviations. 3. Use words that create a positive impression and stimulate reader interest. Creating a Research Working Title The Final Title. Effective titles in academic research papers have several characteristics. These are: 4. Use current nomenclature from the field of study. 5. Identify key variables, both dependent and independent. 6. May reveal how the paper will be organized. Creating a Research Working Title The Final Title. Effective titles in academic research papers have several characteristics. These are: 7. Suggest a relationship between variables which supports the major hypothesis. 8. Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words. 9. Do not include "study of," "analysis of" or similar constructions. Creating a Research Working Title The Final Title. Effective titles in academic research papers have several characteristics. These are: 10. Titles are usually in the form of a phrase, but can also be in the form of a question. 11. Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle. All nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that appear between the first and last words of the title are also capitalized 12. In academic papers, rarely is a title followed by an exclamation mark. However, a title or subtitle can be in the form of a question. Sources of A Research Problem. Some of the sources of research problems can be: ❑ When there is dissatisfaction in services and information ❑ Problems may be encountered in classrooms or at work ❑ Breakthroughs in science and technology may present unexpected problems ❑ Research thrust and priorities of certain organizations ❑ Misconceptions on culture ❑ Etc.  Examples of Research Titles for Cooperatives  "The Effects of Utilizing E-commerce on Business Operations of Online Micro Sellers Marketing Cooperative Amidst Pandemic" Digital Transformation of Selected Multi-Purpose Cooperatives in Metro Manila and its Benefits to Co- ops Cooperatives' Succession Planning in Equipping their Current and Prospective Leaders for Sustainability  Adhering to the 2030 Development Agenda: Cooperatives’ Role in Alleviating Poverty The Impact of Succession Planning on the Sustainability of Micro Co-ops within Metro Manila Role of Cooperatives on Empowering Employees for Performance and Productivity  The Impact of Strategic Planning on Cooperatives’ Long-Term Success Youth Capabilities & Capacities and their Involvement in Cooperatives as Perceived by the Bachelor of Science in Cooperatives Students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines - Sta. Mesa, Manila Impact of Cooperatives on Members’ Livelihood  Cooperatives Business Continuity Planning for Disaster Risk Mitigation of Selected Cooperatives in the National Capital Region HRMD Best Practices of the Top 3 Billionaire Cooperatives in Metro Manila  The COVID-19 Pandemic Implications on the Socio-Economic Conditions of the Selected Credit Cooperatives in Quezon City The COVID-19 Pandemic Implications on the Socio-Economic Conditions of the Selected Credit Cooperatives in Quezon City Factors Affecting Digitalization in Accounting Operations of Selected Credit Cooperatives in Metro Manila Factors Contributing to the Success of Credit Cooperatives in Quezon City Factors that Help Improve Financial Conditions and Operations of the Cooperatives Cooperatives’ Financial Capacity for Enterprise Development Determinants of Efficient Cooperatives Financial Status through Information and Communication Cooperatives Funds Flow in Providing Economic Services RESPONSIBILITIES OF AUDIT COMMITTEE IN THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF COOPERATIVES IN SAMPALOC, MANILA  WHAT CONTRIBUTIONS DO COOPERATIVES FEDERATION HAVE IN THE GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MEMBERS AFFILIATES IN METRO MANILA? Significance of Local Fund Management in Day-to- Day Operations of Credit Cooperative in Mandaluyong City  An Evaluation of Ekoopbanker Plus Accounting Software to NATCCO’s Affiliates  Strategies of Cooperatives to Achieve An Effective and Sound Financial Accounting System  Cooperatives Capacities in Allocating Budget to Reduce Financial Risks  The Role of Cooperatives in Delivering Financial Services to its members. The Role of Financial Accounting Reports in the Management of the Cooperatives 9/25/2024  Cooperative Members Access to Financial Services 9/25/2024 The Importance of Independence of Financial Knowledge of the Board of Directors, General Manager and Audit Committee FINANCIAL CAPABILITY OF COOPERATIVES IN MEETING THEIR MEMBERS NEEDS  COOPERATIVES CONTRIBUTION TO THE EMPLOYMENT GENERATION COOPERATIVES STRATEGIES ENHANCING ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPABILITIES OF MEMBERS OF SELECTED COOPERATIVES IN QUEZON CITY  COOPERATIVES CONTRIBUTION IN GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Common Mistakes in Research Writing Failure to provide ◆ the proper context to frame the research question. Failure to delimit ◆ the boundary conditions for your research. ◆Failure to cite landmark studies. Failure to accurately ◆ present the theoretical and empirical contributions by other researchers. ◆Failure to stay focused on the research question. Failure to develop ◆ coherent and persuasive argument for the problem. ◆Too much rambling. Too much details ◆ on minor issues but not enough on the major issues. ◆Too many citation lapses and incorrect references. ◆Too long or too short. LIST OF REFERENCES: 2015/2016/2017). International Journal of Research and Development in Social Sciences. ISSN 2415-217X (Online), ISSN 2415-2161 (Print) 3rd International research conference on higher education. Book of abstracts. 2015. Copyright 2015. Polytechnic University of the Philippines. Office of the Vice President for Research & Extension. ISBN 978-971-781-037-9 Anderson, David R. et.al. 2020. Statistics for business & economics. Text; Format: print ; Literary form: Not fiction Publisher: Boston, MA : Cengage, Copyright date: ©2020 Other title: Statistics for business and economics. Ang, Shiah Hwee. 2014. Research design for business and management. Format: print ; Literary form: Not fiction Publisher: Los Angeles : SAGE, 2014. Main Library: Circulation Section (1)Call number: HD 30.4 A54 2014. Bhat, Ali, 2020. What is research – definition, methods, types & examples. Global VP - Sales and Marketing at QuestionPro, https://www.questionpro.com/blog/what-is-research/Retrieved July 26, 2020 Coolidge, Frederick L. 2021. Statistics : a gentle introduction. Fourth edition.Material type: Text; Format: print ; Literary form: Not fiction Publisher: Los Angeles : SAGE Publications, Inc, Online access: Research methodology and techniques in statistics / Dr. Rama Nand Singh Cristobal, A.P. Jr. & De La Cruz-Cristobal, M.C. (2013). Research made easier: A step-by-step process. C&E Publishing, Inc. FIL LB 2369 C74 2013 https://readingcraze.com/index.php/characteristics-good-research-problem/retrieved 7/26/2020 Flick, Uwe. 2015. Introducing Research Methodology: A Beginner′s Guide to Doing a Research Project Second Edition. Leedy, Paul D. and Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis. 2015. Practical research : planning and design. Edition: Eleventh edition.Material type: Text; Format: print ; Literary form: Not fiction Publisher: Boston : Pearson. Copyright date: ©2015. PUP Lopez Library (1)Call number: Q 180.L44 2015. Levin, J.A. et.al. 2016. Elementary statistics in social research. Updated Edition, 12th edition. Published by Pearson (August 8th 2016) - Copyright © 2017. ISBN-13: 9780134427768 Manimtim, H. 2015. Module on cooperative research. Unpublished Palma, R.E. Sample exercises & format templates. 2017. Unpublished Sacred Heart University Library, 2019. 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT 06825. tel. (203) 371-7726