Week 2 - Intro to Recreation & Leisure PDF

Introduction to Recreation and Leisure Week 2 - Term 2, AY 2024-2025 Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1.Define and explain the difference of leisure and recreation; 2.Understand the historical origins and development of recreation and lei...

Introduction to Recreation and Leisure Week 2 - Term 2, AY 2024-2025 Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1.Define and explain the difference of leisure and recreation; 2.Understand the historical origins and development of recreation and leisure; 3.Identify motivators, benefits and barriers of leisure and recreation. What is leisure? free time that you can spent as you see fit not necessarily planned but not wasted a chance for the body to rejuvenate itself Definition of Leisure Richard Kraus (1978), a pioneer in the field of leisure and recreation outlines four (4) views of leisure: 1.The Classical View of Leisure - “activity is performed for its own sake” - “state of mind” brought about through activities. 2. Leisure as a Symbol of Social Class - Thorstein Veblen’s Theory of Leisure Class (1899) - Leisure becomes a tool for the elite to flaunt their wealth and power. Four Views of Leisure  3. Leisure as a Form of Activity - it is a non-work activity in which people engage during their free time. - It may serve specific functions such as relaxation, entertainment or personal development. 4. Leisure as an Unobligated Time - Viewed as unobligated or discretionary time. - most common sociological definition, often called the "residual definition." Four Views of Leisure What is recreation? It was used first in the late 14th century defined as “refreshment or curing of a sick person” It is derived from Latin word, “re” which means again and “creare” which is translated as create. It is a purposeful activity that includes the experience of leisure in activity concepts, hence, recreation is an activity of lesiure. Recreation activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement or pleasure and are considered to be fun. Definition of Recreation  Historical Origins and Development of Recreation and Leisure The Play of Early Societies Origin of Games and Sports In primitive societies, popular games were oftern vestiges of warfare, practiced as a form of sport Musical instruments were used in religious rituals Pottery, painting and drawings and other early art provided a record of daily life and cultural mythology Beads and other jewelry were created as symbols of individual status and group affiliations. The Play of Early Societies It became a form of sport offering individual status and groups the opportunity to prove physical skill and strategy. Often, the origin was a religious trial, in which they are played to symbolize a continuing struggle between good and evil or life & death. Tlachtli, a pre-Columbian Mesoamerica ritual ball game. The Play of Early Societies In North America, boys practiced warrior skills and were taught to survive unamred and unclothed in the wilderness Girls were taught the household crafts expected of mature women Both sexes learned the history and religion of their cultures through dancing, singing and storytelling Native American tribes (Navajo, Zuni or Hopi, shamans) practiced healing rites with use of chanting, storytelling, dancing, sacred kachina dolls, multicolored sand paintings. Recreation and Leisure in Ancient Civilizations Ancient Egypt They engage in sports as part of education and recreation including wrestling, gymnastic exercises, lifting, swinging weights and ball games Bullfighting was a popular spectacle and religiously motivated Music, drama and dance were forms of worship as well as social entertainment Complex orchestras (stringed & percussive instruments) Groups of female performers were attached to temples and royal houses on sacred or social occassions. Ancient Egypt Assyrians and Babylonians had many popular recreation activities like boxing, wrestling, archery and table games Assyrian nobles went lion hunting in chariots and on foot using spears As early as 9th century BC, parks were established for royal hunting parties and settings for feasts, assemblies & royal gatherings During the 9th and 10th centuries BC were vineyards, fishponds and hanging gardens of Babylon Ancient Israel Music and dancing were performed for ritual purposes as well as for social activities and celebrations Early Hebrews distinguished dances of a sacred or holy character from Old Testament Ancient Hebrews were engaged in hunting, fishing, wrestling and use of weapons (sword and javelin) Major contribution is the seventh day - Sabbath - as time for rest from work and to worship Ancient Greek During the Golden Age of Pericles, they took interest in arts, learning and athletics The Athenian ideal of a balanced man - a combined soldier, athlete, artist, statesman and philosopher Music, poetry, theater, gymnastics and athletic competitions were sacred Sports were part of daily life and occured when there were mass gatherings of people like army for war, wedding or funeral Ancient Greek Musical events offering contests on harp, flute, poetry and theatrical presentations Physical prowess was celebrated in sculpture and poetry, and strength and beauty were seen as gift of the gods When boys reached age of seven, they were enrolled in gymnastics, music and intensively instructed in running, leaping, wrestling, javelin and discus, dancing, boxing, swimming and ball games Greek philosophy believed in the unity of mind and body and play activity is essential to physical health and social growth of children Ancient Rome Ancient Roman citizens participated in sports and gymnastics to keep the body strong and spirit courageous Games were held to worship Roman gods and later were developed as festivals Romans play for utilitarian rather than aesthetics or spiritual reasons Their towns generally included provisions for public baths, open-theater, amphitheater, forums for public assemblies, stadium, parks and gardens During the reign of Emperor Claudius in the 1st century, there were 159 public holidays, 93 were devoted to games in honor of national heroes Pastimes in Middle Ages Hunting skills was considered a useful preparation for war Early forms of chess, checkers, backgammon and dice Gambling was popular but forbidden by royal authority Travel in reasonable safety became possible Jousting emerged from tradition and nobility fought on horseback while commen men fought on foot Village feasts and sports, practical joking, throwing weight, cockfighting, bull baiting Love of sightseeing and would travel great distances to see entertainment Renaissance Period Nobility became patrons of great painter, sculptors, musicians, dancers and dramatics Dance and theater became more complex and lavish entertainment Forms of play became part of education European town planning included decorated estates with elaborate gardens Religious brotherhoods-built clubhouses, gardens, shooting stands for archery Three types of large parks (royal hunting preserves or parks, ornate & formal gardem and English garden parks) Leisure is highly based on social status. The 19th Century: Impact of Industrial Revolution Leisure and recreation was not a priority over their basic needs Gradual expansion of popular amusements in the US By 1830s, 30 travelling shows with groups of acrobats and jugglers later developed as circus Free public education existed and developed college sport as campus-based recreation YMCA based its program on active recreation Commercial amusements (dime museums, dance halls, shooting galleries, bowling, billiard, beer parlors saloons) Recreation and Leisure in the Early 20th Century The Early 20th Century Municipal parks became well established Concept of city governments to provide recreation facilities, programs and services New forest preserves, historic and scientific sites, wildlife protected areas Playgrounds, parks, public beaches and picnic grounds Commercial recreation such as theme parks, casinos and wellness related (spas) Resorts emerged as an all in one stop for recreation Motivators, Benefits and Barriers to Leisure and Recreation  Physical Motivators Social Motivators It promotes physical health Being with others and reducing loneliness Body image Social norms A means to avoid or manage diseases Social status Weight management Psychological Motivators Emotional Motivators Sense of adventure, excitement and Happiness and well-being challenge Intellectual outcomes Stress management Spiritual values and outcomes Relaxation and escape Healthy balance of work and play Motivators to Leisure and Recreation Benefits of Recreation and Leisure Personal Benefits Social Benefits Promotes physical fitness Provides opportunities to develop Develops fine and gross motor skills frienships Improves self-confidence Improves social skills Gives a more positive outlook on life Reduces feelings of alienation Decrease stress Introduces new learning environments Creates a more positive self-image Promotes sharing, nurturing and Provides the opportunity to learn new skills understanding of others Improves problem solving, tolerance of Build strong family ties others and leadership Promotes ethnic and cultural harmony Promotes spiritual growth Improves group development Gives opportunity to take calculated risks Allows to set short term and long term goals Benefits of Recreation and Leisure Economic Benefits Environmental Benefits Lowers medical costs Protects and preserves Lowers job absenteeism environmentally sensitive areas Increases job stability and productivity Results in cleaner and well maintained Spurs economic growth facilities Build a sense of community Preserves cultural and historical sites Decreases crime and vandalism Increase awareness in environmental Boosts tourism issues Improves community image Barriers to Leisure and Recreation Pursuits Economic factors Perceived lack of necessary physical and social skills Time constraints Work and family commitments Other constraints (lack of motivation and poor self-image, age and gender, lack of facilities, lack of available resources, user fees such as membership fees, time of occurrence, overcrowding, location) Thank you. Week 2 - Term 2, AY 2024-2025