Infant Development PDF

Infant Chapter 11 Fall 2024 Alex Dampier & Rosemary Scofich Student Objectives  Evaluate the infant’s health status and give examples of basic growth and developmental principles.  Analyze the developmental tasks for the infant and the behaviour, indicating that these ta...

Infant Chapter 11 Fall 2024 Alex Dampier & Rosemary Scofich Student Objectives  Evaluate the infant’s health status and give examples of basic growth and developmental principles.  Analyze the developmental tasks for the infant and the behaviour, indicating that these tasks are being accomplished.  Explain the immunization schedule and other safety and health-promotion measures to a parent.  Detect common parental concerns about infants and describe key components and strategies for parent education to allay these concerns.  Examine accidents that occur during infancy and recommend appropriate counselling for accident prevention and safety.  Differentiate ways in which nurses can be active in promoting policies and influencing legislation concerning health.  Outline government strategies to meet the goals of improving infant health. Developmental Stage: Infancy (1- 12 months) Biologic development: proportional and sensory changes, fine and gross motor development Play: Sensorimotor stimulation by 6 months, such as peek-a-boo and pat- a-cake. Body parts are an object of play. Many of the infants' first tasks involve their mouths. This stage of life is often referred to as the oral stage of development. Infants should be played with and interacted with through a variety of auditory and visual stimuli to assist the infant in achieving developmental tasks. Infancy Neurological Development Many neurological structures are far from completely developed at birth, with a significant period of plasticity during the first years of life that creates both opportunities and vulnerabilities for the developing brain The brain volume doubles in size from birth to 1 year of age due to the development of neural connections, long-range axons, and myelination Critical periods of brain development, prominent during the first year of life, are points in time where regions of the brain are more sensitive to environmental factors that provide instructive and adaptive signals for neural development and functional brain pathways  Posterior fontanel closes Able to sit by 8 weeks (2 unsupported at 8 months Roll from back to side at months) Social smile occurs at 2 4 months months Able to crawl at 10 Head turns to locate months sounds by 3 months Able to walk with assistance Infant “moro’ reflex disappears around 4 months at 10-12 months Milestone Steady head control is achieved by 4 months of age s Able to roll from abdomen to back and Fine pincer grasp back to abdomen at 5- appears at 10-12 6 months months Able to transfer objects Hold a bottle with two from hand to hand at 6-7 hands by 6 months months Turn pages of a book by one year Paediatric Vital Signs Paediatric Vital Signs Case Study: The Primary Health care nurse is assessing a 12-month-old client for a well baby checkup Nurses’ Notes:  Client arrived at the clinic accompanied by his mother and five-year-old sister. Child's weight and height are in the 50th percentile and has normal growth patterns. Client does not make eye contact. Minimal expressions, unable to make baby smile or laugh. He has started to walk independently. Client's mother states that he does not respond to his name and does not make noises. He does not engage in play, but frequently turns in circles. client's mother is worried, as he does not do many things that his older sister did at his age.  HR 125, BP 78/45 (map 60) , RR 26, 02 sats100%, T (axilla) 36.7 Questions: 1. Are the Vital signs normal for this patients age? 2. Highlight the findings above from the nurse's notes that require follow-up. (Nurse Achieve, Case Study: The Primary Health care nurse is assessing a 12-month-old client for a well baby checkup Nurses’ Notes: Client arrived at the clinic accompanied by his mother and five- year-old sister. Child's weight and height are in the 50th percentile and has normal growth patterns. Client does not make eye contact. Minimal expressions, unable to make baby smile or laugh. He has started to walk independently. Client's mother states that he does not respond to his name and does not make noises. He does not engage in play, but frequently turns in circles. client's mother is worried, as he does not do many things that his older sister did at his age. HR 125, BP 78/45 (map 60) , RR 26, 02 sats100%, T (axilla) 36.7 (Nurse Achieve,