Week 1.pptx

Design Methodologies, Methods and Tools Who am I? • Roles – Product Design Engineer – Entrepreneur/Founder/Inventor, Recoil Knee Pads – Teaching Fellow/Enterprise Fellow – Voluntary Entrepreneurship & STEM Ambassador • SmartSTEMs • Young Enterprise • Strathclyde Inspire • Areas of Interest/...

Design Methodologies, Methods and Tools Who am I? • Roles – Product Design Engineer – Entrepreneur/Founder/Inventor, Recoil Knee Pads – Teaching Fellow/Enterprise Fellow – Voluntary Entrepreneurship & STEM Ambassador • SmartSTEMs • Young Enterprise • Strathclyde Inspire • Areas of Interest/Experience – Entrepreneurship & Start-up’s – Intellectual Property/Patents – Early stage investment/fundraising – Founding a team – Supply Chain Set-up – Sales & Sales Negotiation e.g. with retail 2 Motivations for design Why do we design things? There are a variety of reasons, examples include: • To make life easier? • To make things look good? • To make things the way we want? However, even with all this design effort…we still end up with situations: We have products with hazards and safety issues Oversized packaging and wasted materials So, why does this happen? We have solutions that aren’t fit for purpose Reasons for ‘Bad Design’ Lack of customer understanding Designers often fail to understand: 1.What is the problem to be addressed? 2. What does the customer need the product to do? 3. What does the customer care about & prioritise? (finances, health, environment, safety, social aspects, politics etc.) Ensuring you understand your customer and can confidently answer these three questions is key to developing a successful solution But how do we ensure this is considered in design… Design for Safety Design for Assembly Design for Service Design for Disassembly Design for Commonality Design for Procurement DFX Design for Reuse Design for Manufacture Design for Cost Design for Environment Design for Reliability Design for X • The need for "Design for ….." methods was identified as engineers became increasingly aware of a lack of appropriate detailed knowledge in important product life-cycle processes. DFXs can take place at all stages of the product development process. Product Development Process Definition Concept Embodiment Detailed Manufacturing Sell Why DfX is important • Taking a DFX approach tends to do a number of things: • it aims optimise the product and the product development process • It aims to improve quality, not only of the product but of its production • A DFX approach reduces risks for example by reducing the number of parts or components in a product and • It can reduce cost. Approaches to Design 1. Design Methodologies 2. Design Methods 3. And Design Tools • These terms are used interchangeably in literature. • We will propose definitions to each of these for the purposes of standardisation and to facilitate communication between students and lecturers. 1. Design Methodology • A design methodology is a structured approach to the design process often presented in the form of a design model. e.g. Stuart Pugh’s “Total Design” Methodology • A good way to think of a methodology is that it is the process you will go through from idea to market Methodology Examples Trigger Empathi ze Define Prototyp e Ideate Institute of Design at Stanford t il i b s i ie w a Fe rev y ie Br f pt e nc iew o C ev r Test Product Planning Feasibility Study Design Production Distribution Discover Define Develop Deliver UK Design Council ‘s Double Diamond (2005) Operation Disposal BS7000 Guide to managing product design Methodologies can be either descriptive or prescriptive t ili b si i e w a Fe rev y Discover Define f ie r B pt e nc iew o C ev r Develop Deliver A Descriptive Methodology Example UK Design Council ‘s Double Diamond (2005) A Prescriptive Methodology Example Pugh’s Total Design As a new designer, many find it beneficial to follow a prescriptive approach • A prescriptive approach will follow a more analytical and systematic approach • With clearly identified steps that the designer can follow in the execution of their design project As we develop as designers, we may begin to use a more descriptive methodology • A descriptive approach will allow us to t ili b si i e w a Fe rev y be more heuristic, utilising our prior knowledge and experience • This approach encourages us to discover and learn for ourselves Discover Define ie r B f Develop Deliver • Each methodology has it’s own strengths and weaknesses • And some are more applicable to specific types of product development projects than others • A good designer, will understand the various methodologies available to them and be able to apply the most relevant approach to the given project at that time In summary, a good methodology should… • Be useful to designers • It should establish why and when there is need for support • It should help designers to communicate & cope with uncertainty • And it should help to plan strategically and manage cashflow in the business to cope with the demands of product development • Help organisations be more effective & efficient • Through improving efficiency, minimising error, and improving quality. • It will also minimise lead times by formalising the design procedure. • Contribute to producing enhanced design outputs, Increased probability of safe product operation, meeting quality standards and avoiding product liability issues. • One important point to always remember with a methodology though is that it is important to know when to stop and move on to the next stage, as sometimes designers can get trapped in the same stage longer than necessary • Good designers are skilled at knowing when it the right time to move on to the next stage of development 2. Design Method • A design method is an identifiable / systematic way of working which improves the design solution from a specific perspective (for example safety, manufacturability, quantity, etc) • Examples of design methods are Failure Modes and Effect Analysis, QFD. • A good way to think of a design method, is that it is the ‘how’ in design. For example. We need to develop a range of concepts? HOW do we do that? We might brainstorm, use 6-3-5, use Morphological chart…the HOW’s are all examples of design methods There are many different design methods which can be deployed at various stages throughout the design process: REQUIRMENTS DEFINITION CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DETAILED DESIGN MANUFACTURING SALES AND SUPPORT Benchmarking QFD Parametric Analysis Video Ethnography Brainstorming Focus groups Controlled convergence QFD Empathic modelling Lifecycle Analysis DFMA FMEA Taguchi Value Analysis QFD Empathic modelling Lifecycle Analysis DFMA FMEA Parametric Analysis Manufacturing Resource Planning Taguchi Value Analysis QFD Market / Needs analysis Video Ethnography • Many of these methods are utilized repetitively at various stages in the design process • The skill as a designer is to identify which methods are applicable and will aid your product development in relation to your aim 3. Design Tool • A design tool is a device or aid which supports the application of a design method. • For example, CAD/CAM Software or House of Quality • It is important to note the difference between a design method and a design tools. The method is the ‘how’ and the process we are following. The tool is then what is used to support the implementation of the method. Tool: Solidworks Design Method e.g. CAD START FINISH Design Methodology Design Method e.g. Empathic Modelling Tool: Restrictive Glasses Design Method e.g. QFD Design Method e.g. Brainstorming Tool: Post’it Tool: House of Quality Part of the skill of being a good designer is identifying appropriate methodologies and methods/tools, and creating the right conditions for their use. Tutorial Introduction Exercise • Exercise: • • • • • Design Methods Exercise Each group will be given a case study of either an electric toothbrush redesign or a shopping trolly redesign Define the overarching aim(s) of your design (your DfX) Research ‘design methodologies’, choose one methodology and write out the main stages of the methodology on your flipchart Research and identify as many ‘’design methods, and the respective ‘design tools’ that could be used at each stage • 30 minutes to carry out exercise • Make sure you have a spokesperson from each group who will be willing to share their results. • Will ask 3 groups at random to tell us the methodology, stages and an example of a method & tools at each stage in the methodology.