Week 12 - Biology PDF

THE STRUCTURE OF PLANTS Leaf Organs where an essential life process, photosynthesis, occurs. Photosynthesis – the process of using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugars. Parts of the leaf Blade (Lamina) – flat, broad section and largest part of the leaves. Contains cell that per...

THE STRUCTURE OF PLANTS Leaf Organs where an essential life process, photosynthesis, occurs. Photosynthesis – the process of using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugars. Parts of the leaf Blade (Lamina) – flat, broad section and largest part of the leaves. Contains cell that performs photosynthesis. It can be large, flat, rounded or pointed. Parts of the leaf Veins – tubelike structures which carry water, minerals, and sugars throughout the blades. Monocot leaf veins are usually parallel. Dicot leaf veins are usually branched. PARTS OF THE LEAF  Petiole – short stalk that connects the leaf to the stem. It provides support and enables the transport of fluids between leaves and stem. Parts of the leaf Midrib - travels the length of the leaf and branches to each side to produce veins of vascular tissue. Margin - edge of the leaf. Leaf classification Simple - a leaf with an undivided blade. Compound leaf - a leaf where the blade is divided, forming leaflets. - leaf that has its leaflets radiating outwards from the end of the petiole. -a leaf where the leaflets are arranged along the middle vein. Stem Support systems for the plants. Their main function is to act as delivery agents for the nutrients and water stored in the roots and transferring them to the other plant parts in the form of glucose. Stems also transfer food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. Roots Responsible for transferring the necessary nutrients to the plant. They are the agents responsible for delivering water and minerals to the plants. Types of roots Taproot – single large central root with much smaller side roots branching out from it. Fibrous root – form of a clump short, threadlike divisions Flower The reproductive organ of flowering plant. They are not only involved in reproduction but are also a source of food for other living organisms. Seed Reproductive structure consisting of a plant embryo and its stored food. Fruit House and protect seeds and may also help disperse them to new locations. Activity Find your own partner. Observe at least 5 different plants within the school vicinity. Take a picture of the plant/s. Identify the parts of each plant Vein – Monocot or dicot Leaf – Simple or compound Activity Leaf Simple or compound Blade/Lamina Monocot or Dicot Vein Stem Margin Additional: Midrib Flower Tip Fruit Petiole Root ATP-ADP CYCLE Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ATP consists of three major parts: 1. Ribose is a five-carbon sugar molecule. 2. Adenine is one of the nucleotides of RNA and DNA. The ribose bonds with adenine to form a molecule called adenosine. 3. Three phosphates, called triphosphate group are linked in a chain that is bonded to adenosine. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) ATP to ADP – Energy Release One of the 2 phosphate molecules is broken off (Hydrolysis), therefore reducing the ATP from 3 phosphates to 2, forming ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate after removing one of the phosphates {Pi}). This is commonly written as ADP + Pi. ATP to ADP – Energy Release ADP is built back up into ATP so that it can be used again in its more energetic state. Reduction reaction Oxidation-Reduction An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. OXIDATION-REDUCTION  Redox reactions are comprised of two parts, a reduced half and an oxidized half, that always occur together. Reduced half gains electrons and the oxidation number decreases. Oxidized half loses electrons and the oxidation number increases.