Counselling Theory Research Week 1 Introduction PDF

Counselling Theory Research Week 1: Introduction  Lin, Kivlighan, & Hill (2024) Journal of Counseling Psychology Most research examining the relationships between the therapeutic alliance and counselling outcomes is limited by: Measuring the therapeutic alliance in one ear...

Counselling Theory Research Week 1: Introduction  Lin, Kivlighan, & Hill (2024) Journal of Counseling Psychology Most research examining the relationships between the therapeutic alliance and counselling outcomes is limited by: Measuring the therapeutic alliance in one early session or averaging scores across several sessions Measurement of outcomes at the end of counselling only More complex and longitudinal research is needed  Lin, Kivlighan, & Hill (2024) Journal of Counseling Psychology Four aspects of longitudinal therapeutic alliance were examined: Average alliance scores across all counselling sessions Growth in alliance strength early in counselling Variability in alliance across all sessions Responsiveness of the counsellor and client to the therapeutic relationship Participants: 236 clients, 45 counsellors Clients: 55% women, 50% White, 32 years Counsellors: 69% women, 53% White, 98% PhD  Lin, Kivlighan, & Hill (2024) Journal of Counseling Psychology Study measures: Working Alliance Inventory SR: completed after every session Outcome Questionnaire: completed at intake & every 8th session Study procedures: Adult clients interested in receiving individual psychodynamic therapy for relationship problems, depression, anxiety, grief & loss, or meaning in life 50-minute sessions Average of 45 sessions per client  Lin, Kivlighan, & Hill (2024) Journal of Counseling Psychology Results: Average alliance strength across all sessions was not related to outcome Early growth in the alliance was found, but it was not related to outcome Lower variability in the alliance was related to better outcomes Therapist responsiveness was not related to improved outcomes. Clients were responsive when outcome scores increased, but were counter-responsive when outcome scores decreased. The strongest effect was seen when client outcome scores improved.  Lin, Kivlighan, & Hill (2024) Journal of Counseling Psychology Counsellors efforts to monitor and repair ruptures quickly in the therapeutic alliance may contribute to better therapy outcomes The use of psychodynamic therapy might have influenced responsiveness findings Responsiveness findings also indicate that, when therapists have consistently accurate perceptions of the therapeutic alliance, this supports the therapy process Longitudinal alliance ratings from both clients and counsellor provide important information for counsellors to support positive client outcomes Only collecting this information early in therapy, or only from the client will limit how useful alliance information is for counsellors