Week 1 Digestive System PDF

WEEK 1 FIRST MEETING slidesmania.com  At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: describe the coordinated functions of the organs of the digestive system in mechanical and chemical digestion; an...

WEEK 1 FIRST MEETING slidesmania.com  At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: describe the coordinated functions of the organs of the digestive system in mechanical and chemical digestion; and trace the path of food as it is being digested. slidesmania.com  The process of breaking down food into smaller pieces turning it into nutrients. slidesmania.com slidesmania.com  An organ system that is responsible to the digestion of foods. slidesmania.com  DIGESTION DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The process of breaking An organ system down food into smaller that is responsible pieces turning it into to the digestion of slidesmania.com nutrients. foods.  A physical process in which food The biochemical process is broken into smaller pieces in which macromolecules without becoming changed in food are changed into smaller molecules that chemically. It begins with your can be absorbed into body first bite of food and continues fluids and transported to as you chew food with your teeth cells throughout the body. slidesmania.com into smaller pieces. slidesmania.com slidesmania.com  MOUTH ESOPHAGUS STOMACH MOUTH LARGE INTESTINE SMALL INTESTINE slidesmania.com ANUS  MOUTH The digestion starts. It receives the food and it is where the salivary enzymes begin carbohydrates digestion and slidesmania.com break up food particles.  ESOPHAGUS It serves as a passage of foods from the mouth down to the stomach through peristalsis. slidesmania.com  PERISTALSIS A series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. slidesmania.com  STOMACH CHYME It mixes and serves as the The resulting substance in the tempory storage of food until stomach can be further digested. It secretes chemicals that help break the food into more slidesmania.com digestable forms.  SMALL INTESTINE It breaks down the food further and it is where the absorption of nutrients and minerals from foods LARGE INTESTINE take place. - 90% of digestion This absorb water and salt and absorption of from the undigested foods, and slidesmania.com food turn left-over (waste) into stool.  Serves as the terminal opening in which fecal material (stool) is excreted. ANUS slidesmania.com slidesmania.com slidesmania.com  Directly affects digestion by producing bile Bile helps digest fat Filter out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol and poisons. Emulsification- a process of breaking up of large fat slidesmania.com particles into smaller ones.  Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine. Fatty diets can cause gallstones slidesmania.com  A soft, triangular gland that lies between the small intestine and the stomach. Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin. slidesmania.com  WEEK SECOND MEETING slidesmania.com  At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: explain how enzymes help in digesting food; and explain how the digested food is absorbed from the villi and carried through the bloodstream to liver; slidesmania.com  Digestive enzymes play a key role in breaking down the food you eat. These proteins speed up chemical reactions that turn nutrients into substances that your digestive tract can absorb. slidesmania.com  DIGESTIVE SOURCE DIGESTIVE ENZYME WORKS ON CHANGES IT TO JUICE Saliva Salivary Glands Ptyalin (salivary amylase) Starch Less complex sugars Mucin Gastric Gastric glands in Pepsin Proteins Less complex proteins the stomach DIGESTIVE SOURCE DIGESTIVE ENZYME WORKS ON CHANGES IT TO JUICE Pancreatic amylase Starch Less complex sugars Pancreatic Pancreas Trypsin, Chymotrypsin Proteins Less complex proteins slidesmania.com Lipase Fats Fatty acids and glycerol Lactase, maltase and sucrase Complex Sugars Simple sugars Intestinal Intestinal glands in small intestine Peptidase Simpler proteins Amino Acids Lipase Fats Fatty acids and glycerol slidesmania.com  Digestive System Coordinates with Other Organ Systems DIGESTIVE PROCESSES INGESTION ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION EGESTION The digested food The process in The process of taking products are absorbed Digested food slidesmania.com which undigested food into the body into the bloodstream products are taken up food residues are by the body cells for through eating. and transported into egested from the growth and energy. the cell. body as feces.  HOW LONG FOOD STAYS IN THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS? PRIMARY TIME FOOD STRUCTURE FUNCTION STAYS Mouth Mechanical and 5-30 seconds chemical digestion Esophagus Transport of food 7-10 seconds after swallowing Stomach Mechanical and 2-24 hours chemical digestion Small Intestine Absorption of 3-5 hours slidesmania.com nutrients Large Intestine Water 18 hours to 2 absorption days  WEEK THIRD MEETING slidesmania.com  At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: illustrate how diseases of the digestive system are prevented, detected, or treated; and research on certain technologies that are used to promote proper functioning of the slidesmania.com digestive system.  PREVENTION, DETECTION, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM slidesmania.com  – occurs when the lining of the large intestine cannot maintain the usual level of water absorption. DIARRHEA It secretes more than the normal quantity of water, ions and mucus. slidesmania.com  CONSTIPATION – frequent bowel movements of less than three times a week along with hard-to-pass dry stools. It occurs when peristalsis moves the stool in the colon too slowly. The colon reabsorbs too much water, and the stool slidesmania.com becomes hard and compacted.  HEPATITIS HEPATITIS A – inflammation of the liver - exposure from fecally caused by excessive consumption contaminated water of of alcohol or a viral infection. food. HEPATITIS B - contaminated blood through blood transfusion or contaminated needles or by slidesmania.com sexual contact with an infected individual.  GALLSTONES – are crystals formed by too much cholesterol, bile salts, and calcium in the gallbladder. slidesmania.com  PEPTIC ULCER – upper abdominal pain characterized by dull, sharp, or burning sensations. slidesmania.com  HEMORRHOIDS - also known as piles, occur when rectal veins are inflamed and enlarged after straining and eliminating hard stools. slidesmania.com  APPENDICITIS - inflammation of the appendix caused by an obstruction such as hard masses of feces, foreign body, or parasitic infection. slidesmania.com  DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROPER OR SUFFICIENT DIET slidesmania.com  A broad category of disorders with improper or insufficient diet including undernutrition, overnutrition or micronutrient deficiency. MALNUTRITION UNDERNUTRITION OVERNUTRITION slidesmania.com slidesmania.com  EATING DISORDERS slidesmania.com  ANOREXIA NERVOSA Patients suffering anorexia nervosa restrict their food and slidesmania.com drink intake under dangerous levels.  BULIMIA NERVOSA An eating disorder characterized by episodes of secretive excessive slidesmania.com eating followed by self-induced vomiting, overuse of laxatives, or excessive exercise.  Summary START HERE MOUTH ESOPHAGUS STOMACH FOOD PATHWAY LARGE SMALL ANUS INTESTINE INTESTINE slidesmania.com END slidesmania.com  WEEK FOURTH MEETING QUIZ TIME slidesmania.com THANK YOU ! slidesmania.com