WEEK 1 - BIOLOGY.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY Definition BIOS Life LOGOS Study Biology is the study of life.  Definition Biology is a branch of science that deals with living organisms and their vital processes. The science of life and of living organisms, including their structure, function...

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY Definition BIOS Life LOGOS Study Biology is the study of life.  Definition Biology is a branch of science that deals with living organisms and their vital processes. The science of life and of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution.  What is the difference between living thing and non-living thing? Properties of life 1. Organization – living things are highly organized. Specialized structures perform specific functions at every level of organization. Organization of Life Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Individual Population/ Community Ecosystem Properties of life 2. Energy – the ability to do work. Potential Energy Kinetic Energy  Why do we need to utilize energy? Properties of life 3. Growth and Development Growth – increase in size Development – change in shape or form Properties of life 4. Reproduction – process through which new living things are formed. Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Properties of life 5. Response and Adaptation – species has unique adaptations that enable it to survive in its particular environment. Cell History Cell History 1650 Hans and Zacharias Janssen produced the first microscope. 1665 Robert Hooke (English Scientist) first studies the cell by slicing a piece of cork (Oak cork) under the microscope. 1674 Anton van Leeuwenhoek – discovered some “animalcules” in water. 1833 Robert Brown discovered the nucleus as the central part of the cell. 1838 Mathias Schleiden – German botanist discovered that plant parts are made up of the basic structures called cells. 1839 Theodore Schwann – German zoologist examined and discovered that animals are made up of cells too. This leads to the formulation of Cell Theory. 1858 Rudolph Virchow – stated that all living cells come from pre- existing living cells and there is no spontaneous generations. Cell Theory  Cell Theory 1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and functions in an organism.  Cell Theory 2. All living creatures consist of one or more cells.  Cell Theory 3. Cells arise from previously existing cells through cell division.  Modern Version of Cell Theory Energy flow occurs within cells. Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell. All cells have the same basic chemical composition.