W5 CVS Terminology 2024 PDF

Medical Terminology Cardiovascular System Learning Objectives 01 02 03 04 Define key Recognize common Analyse and break Identify and anatomical terms cardiovascular down medical terms describe major related to the medica...

Medical Terminology Cardiovascular System Learning Objectives 01 02 03 04 Define key Recognize common Analyse and break Identify and anatomical terms cardiovascular down medical terms describe major related to the medical associated with cardiovascular cardiovascular terminology cardiovascular disorders system condition Select the best correct answer: 1. The cardiovascular system includes the heart and 3. A vessel that carries blood away from the heart is a(n) a. lungs a. vein b. digestive organs b. chamber c. blood vessels c. lymph node d. endocrine system d. artery 2. The accumulation of fatty deposits in the lining of a vessel is called 4. An upper chamber of the heart is a(n) a. obesity a. ventricle b. stent b. atrium c. atherosclerosis c. base d. angiogenesis d. systole Overview of the Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing waste products. It is composed of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood, working together to maintain homeostasis and support vital functions. The system plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, maintaining fluid balance, and enabling immune responses through the transportation of white blood cells and other key components. Anatomic divisions of the cardiovascular system  The heart a great vessels Ø The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from all body tissues through the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. Ø The blood then enters the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Ø Blood returns from the lungs high in oxygen and enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Ø Blood enters the left ventricle and is forcefully pumped into the aorta to be distributed to all tissues. The vascular system Arteries that carry blood away from the heart Arterioles, vessels smaller than arteries that lead into the capillaries Capillaries, the smallest vessels, through which exchanges take place between the blood and the tissues Venules, small vessels that receive blood from the capillaries and drain into the veins Veins that carry blood back to the heart Terminology of Cardiovascular system  Normal structure and function Term Description artery A vessel that carries blood away from the heart; all except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood (roots: arter, arteri/o) arteriole A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries (root: arteriol/o) vein A vessel that carries blood back to the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen (roots: ven/o, phleb/o) venule A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins valve A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction (roots: valv/o, valvul/o) sinoatrial (SA) node A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that initiates the impulse for each heartbeat; the pacemaker systole The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle (adjective: systolic) myocardium The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle Root Meaning Example Definition of Example cardi/o heart cardiomyopathy any disease of the heart muscle vas/o, vascul/o vessel, duct vasospasm sudden contraction of a vessel angi/o vessel angiography x-ray imaging of a vessel arteriol/o vein venous pertaining to a vein phleb/o vein phlebotomy incision of a vein to withdraw blood Source: Online Etymology Dictionary  CVS disorders Aneurysm: A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst Angina pectoris: A feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart Arrhythmia: Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally “without rhythm”; note doubled r); also called dysrhythmia  CVS disorders Atherosclerosis: The development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel wall; the most common form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) Dyslipidemia: Disorder in serum lipid levels, which is an important factor in development of atherosclerosis; includes hyperlipidemia (high lipids), hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), and hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides) Bradycardia: A slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm Tachycardia: A fast heart rate of more than 100 bpm at rest  CVS disorders Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea) Edema: Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid, causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation, and malnutrition Heart failure: A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation Hypertension: A condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure; essential (primary, idiopathic) hypertension has no known cause Myocardial infarction (MI): Localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery that supplies that area; myocardial infarction is usually caused by formation of a thrombus (clot) in a vessel  CVS disorders Embolism: Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation Ischemia: Local deficiency of blood supply caused by circulatory obstruction (root: hem/o) Stroke: Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow; causes include atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Hypertension: A condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure; essential (primary, idiopathic) hypertension has no known cause Shock: Circulatory failure resulting in an inadequate blood supply to the tissues; cardiogenic shock is caused by heart failure; hypovolemic shock is caused by a loss of blood volume; septic shock is caused by bacterial infection Diagnostics and treatment terms Diagnostic Tools Coronary angiography: Radiographic study of the coronary arteries after introduction of an opaque dye by means of a catheter threaded through blood vessels into the heart Echocardiography (ECG): A non-invasive method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures Match the following terms with definitions Medical Term Definition 1. Hypertension a) Inability of the heart to pump blood 2. Heart failure b) Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot 3. Ischemia c) Increased blood pressure 4. Angina d) insufficient blood supply to the heart 5. Embolism e) Deficiency of blood supply Match the following terms with definitions Medical Term Definition a) Localized abnormal dilation of a blood 1. Bradycardia vessel b) Death of cardiac muscle due to blocked 2. Myocardial infarction blood supply 3. Aneurysm c) Slow heart rate of fewer than 60 bpm 4. Tachycardia d) Fast heart rate of more than 100 bpm Test your knowledge What vessel carries blood away from the heart? a) Vein b) Artery c) Capillary d) Venule What is the contraction phase of the heartbeat called? a) Diastole b) Aneurysm c) Systole d) Bradycardia  Test your knowledge Localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery is termed: a) Blood clot b) Hemorrhage c) Myocardial infarction d) Occlusion What is the term for the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries? a) Angina b) Aneurysm c) Bradycardia d) Atherosclerosis