W4_JTO_Ph2_Datacom_IT-part-1.pdf

JTO Phase II Data Network & IT Index JTO Phase - II DNIT Week 4 INDEX Chapter Name of Chapter Page No No 1 BS...

JTO Phase II Data Network & IT Index JTO Phase - II DNIT Week 4 INDEX Chapter Name of Chapter Page No No 1 BSNL Data Network 2 2 Overview of MPLS Technology & QoS 18 3 LDP 40 4 RSVP-TE 47 5 MPLS based layer-3 VPN 57 6 Cisco Router Configuration : MPLS based layer-3 VPN 74 7 Configuration using MP-iBGP/eBGP, MP-iBGP/OSPF & MP- 85 iBGP/Static/Default 8 MPLS based layer-2 VPN & 112 112 MPLS based Layer-2 VPN Configuration 9 NMS & EMS 126 10 MPLS-TP 137 11 NGN 146 12 VOIP 160 13 IMS 165 JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 1 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network 1 BSNL DATA NETWORK 1.1 OBJECTIVE The objectives of this chapter is to understand  Different project for Data Network  Network Architecture  Project 1 and Project 3  Multiplay Broadband  MNG PAN 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO BSNL DATA NETWORK BSNL has setup NIB-II to provide world class infrastructure to offer various value added services to a broader customer base county-wide that will help to accelerate the Internet revolution in India. Moreover the NIB-II has created a platform, which enables e-governance, e-banking, e-learning, etc. with the key point of Service Level Agreements & Guarantee in tune with Global standards and customer expectations. BSNL has launched multiple projects with time to make a robust and world class data network. Some of the major projects are listed below:  Project 1: - MPLS based IP Network infrastructure covering 71 cities along with associated NMS, PMS, Firewall and Caching platforms.  Project 2.1: Access Gateway platform using Dialup comprising of narrow band RAS and DSL equipment.  Project 2.2: Access Gateway platform comprising of Broadband RAS and DSL equipment.  Project 3: Messaging and Storage platform and Provisioning, Billing and Customer care and Enterprise management system.  Mulitplay Broadband : Broadband Multi-Play network focuses on the augmentation of Broadband Access Network(Project 2.2of NIB-II) supporting multi-play services like Video on Demand, IP TV, VoIP, VPN service etc with guaranteed control of critical parameters like latency, throughput, jitter to ensure high grade delivery of real time, near real time, non real time and best effort services. It is similar to what has been done as part of Project 2.2 of NIB- II ,but is much bigger in scope (Almost 10 times) with advanced protocol (RPR) being used in the aggregation network  MNG PAN : MNG-PAN is MPLS-TP based Next Generation Packet Aggregation Network which is being deployed/replaced along with our existing Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) and replacing OCLAN switches with OCPAN Rings. Project 2.1 and 2.2 equipments have been replaced by Multipay Broadband network equipments. SERVICES PROVIDED IN NIB-II Internet Access  Leased Access Services.  Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Access Services: Broadband ―always-on- internet‖ access over copper cables. JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 2 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network  Direct Ethernet Access Services: Broadband ―always-on-internet‖ access using Fiber-to-the-building. Virtual Private Network (VPN) Services  Layer 2 MPLS VPN Services: Point-to-point connectivity between corporate LAN sites.  Layer 3 MPLS VPN Intranet and Extranet Services: LAN interconnectivity between multiple Corporate LAN sites.  Managed Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) Services. Value Added Services  Encryption Services: One of the end-to-end data security features.  Firewall Services: One of the security features provided to customer.  Network Address Translation (NAT) Services: Service that will enable private users to access public networks. Messaging Services Data Centre Services at Bangalore, Delhi and Mumbai 1.3 Network Architecture: Core Network:The NIB-II shall constitute an integrated 2-layer IP and MPLS network. The Layer 1 network will constitute the high speed Backbone comprising of Core routers with built in redundancies supporting both TCP/IP and MPLS protocols with link capacities in accordance with the traffic justification. Its function will primarily be limited to high-speed packet forwarding between the core nodes. All the A nodes in the NIB-I shall form the Core layer. The five major nodes at Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai are configured in the full mesh with link bandwidth of STM-64. The remaining 9 nodes of Pune, Hyderabad, Ahemdabad, Luchnow, Jullundhar, Jaipur, Indore, Ernakulam and Patna are configured in dual mesh with link bandwidths of STM-64/16, (Refer Figure 1,2,3) STM 64 JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 3 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network Figure 1: A1 POPs IP MPLS Core Network STM 64 Lin Figure 2: A1+A2+A3 POPs IP MPLS Core Network JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 4 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network Figure 3: A1+A2+A3+A4 POPs IP MPLS Core Network 1.4 Project 1 (MPLS based IP Network infrastructure initially covering 71 cities along with associated NMS, PMS, Firewall and Caching platforms.) MPLS based networks provide a cost effective way to enhance customer networking quality, rather than setting up and managing individual point-to-point circuits between each office, customers need to provide only one connection from their office router to a service-provider edge router. The service-provider edge router either forwards the IP packets in the IP network or in the case of MPLS configured access labels the packets and routes them through its MPLS core to the edge closest to destination. IP/TCP connectivity shall be provided through Provider (P) routers and Provider Edge (PE) routers. The initial city-wise categorization of nodes under NIB-II Project 1 is given in Table. Node type No of Cities Name of cities Devices A1 5 Chennai, Mumbai, Core router - Cisco 12416 Bangalore, Delhi and Edge Router Cisco 7613 Kolkata A2 3 Hyderabad, Pune and Core router - Cisco 12410 Ahemdabad Edge Router Cisco 7613 A3 6 Lucknow, Jullundhar, Core router - Cisco 12410 Jaipur, Indore, Ernakulam Edge Router Cisco 7613 and Patna JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 5 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network A4 10 Coimbtore, Chandigarh, Core router - Juniper M40 Allahabad, Guwahati, Edge Router Cisco 7613 Ranchi, Bhuvneshwar, Raipur, Mangalore, Nagpur, and Vijaivwada B1 21 -- Edge Router Cisco 7613 B2 26 -- Edge Router Cisco 7613 Table 1. City-wise categorization of nodes under NIB-II Project 1 At present MPLS network has 129 Core Routers and 459 Edge Routers. MPLS based network is a 2-layer centrally managed IP backbone network designed to provide reliable routes to cover all possible designations within and outside the country. 1.4.1 Network Architecture of Project 1: The Layer - 1 Core network (A1, A2, and A3 cities) constitutes the high speed Backbone (STM-64) as shown in Figure. The Layer - 1 nodes consist of high end fully redundant Core routers, and are interfaced to Edge routers through Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. The Layer - 2 Edge network is the second layer of the IP backbone network and primarily supports MPLS edge functionality. The function of this layer is to enforce QoS and other administrative policies. This layer provides customer access through  Dedicated Access and  Broadband access. This layer provides connectivity to secure VPNs as well as to Internet Data Centers. Edge routers in cities are connected to the Core layer either locally through the Gigabit Ethernet interfaces or remotely through dual homed STM-16/STM-1 links. The network is envisaged to provide QoS features associated with MPLS technology with all traffic shaping and traffic engineering features. It provides peering interfaces to other domains and serves as an Internet Exchange to ISPs. It supports IP networking and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)/ Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology. The network supports data, voice and video applications over Layer 2 and Layer 3 MPLS VPNs. The network architecture of NIB-II provides for integration of other networks such as NIB-I and MPLS VPN of BSNL. It shall provide a common Network Management System (NMS) and VPN / Bandwidth Provisioning System for the entire integrated IP network infrastructure. The network infrastructure for NIB-II is intended to provide IP network access, both on retail as well as wholesale basis, to DSL and leased access customers. The network provides a common IP infrastructure that supports all smaller open networks and sub-networks. The Primary objectives in setting up the MPLS based IP network  Building a common IP infrastructure that shall support all smaller networks and sub networks. The platform is intended to be used for convergent services, integrating data, voice and video and shall be the primary source of Internet bandwidth for ISPs, Corporate, Institutions, Government bodies and retail users. JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 6 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network  Making the service very simple for customers to use even if they lack experience in IP routing, along with Service Level Agreement (SLA) offerings.  Make a service very scalable and flexible to facilitate large-scale deployment.  Capable of meeting a wide range of customer requirements, including security, quality of service (QoS), and any-to-any connectivity.  Capable of offering fully managed services to customers. Caching Platform: The Caching platform makes the contents (HTTP, MMS, FTP etc.) available at the POP/ Core locations and saves upstream International bandwidth. The Caching platform enables faster responses from web. Services offered under Project 1: The following services are offered to customers using the MPLS based IP networks. Layer 3 MPLS VPN Services  Intranet-Managed & Unmanaged  Extranet Managed & Unmanaged  Internet Access services Layer 2 MPLS VPN Services  Ethernet over MPLS  Frame relay over MPLS  PPP over MPLS  Cisco HDLC over MPLS (Optional)  VPLS (Virtual Private LAN service)  Layer 2 Any-to-Any Interworking (Except ATM) 1. Encryption Services 2. Multicast Services 3. Firewall Services 4. Network Address Translation (NAT) Services 1.5 Project 3: Messaging and Storage Service Platform, Provisioning, Billing & Customer care, Enterprise Management System (EMS) and Security System. The Core messaging system shall be the heart of NIB-II that will enable BSNL to add users across varied value added services. This shall envisage design and up gradation of the current messaging system to grow from the existing infrastructure in NIB-I supporting 650,000 users to support the increasing user base. The system supports provisioning, billing, customer care, accounting platform and billing for the complete range of IP based services mentioned and meet next-generation requirements as well. The salient aspects of the projects are summarized as follows:  Setting up proven, robust, scalable Messaging Solution with best in class security components.  Roll out across the country supported by 5 Messaging & associated storage systems at Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai and Kolkata.  Designed with High Availability architecture with no single point of failure. Components of the Solution: JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 7 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network The solution consist of the following components with the items of functionality listed below: (i) Messaging a) DNS, AAA b) MMP c) LDAP (Consumer, Replicator Hub, Primary and Secondary) d) SMTP IN & OUT e) Messaging Servers f) Address Book Servers, etc. (ii) Storage a) SAN Switch & SAN Storage b) Tape Library c) Staging Servers, etc. Storage platform Various Applications servers placed at the 5 Messaging Storage locations like LDAP, AAA, EMS, Messaging, UMS & Billing etc. would require Data storage capacities for storing User‘s mailboxes, Billing data etc. Such huge storage requirements need to be met with the Fast, Reliable & Scalable storage devices that would be deployed as ―End to End High Performance Switched Architecture Fiber Channel SAN (Storage Area Networks) providing No Single Point of Failure‖. Such storage device should be compatible with all the Servers of major companies such as HP, IBM, SUN, Dell etc. so that choice of Application Servers Platform remains independent of the storage device. System Dimensioning: The user base will be serviced through 5 Messaging and associated Storage systems that will be set up in the 5 cities. Each of the cities will be connected through the IP Backbone. Since the proposed user base is envisaged to increase in a phased manner, the associated messaging system is also proposed to be upgraded in phases correspondingly. The billing system is capable of  Providing electronic versions of bills to customers over the Internet.  Creation/modification of service.  Processing Service requests in real time and non-real time and accounting in real time.  Producing flexible billing depending upon the use of service. Security Systems These include the following.  Load Balancers  Firewall Appliances  Intrusion Detection System  Antivirus system, etc. Network Operation Center (NOC) JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 8 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network The NOC shall provide facility for centralized Network Management and end-to-end Provisioning of multiple services, giving a single view of the entire network services being delivered countywide. The servers for the NOC shall be connected through a Gigabit Ethernet link from Core router with three zones of firewall within the Centre. The network is being centrally managed from Network Operation Centre (NOC) located at two sites, one of them being master and the other the disaster recovery site. The main NOC is at Bangalore with Disaster Recovery is at Pune. Interface to the NMS back-office facility is provided along with Firewall security in the Data Centre. All customer databases reside centrally at NOC. The NMS of NIB-II project 1 is the comprehensive NMS for entire NIB-II including NIB-I, MPLS VPN. Service Level Agreement (SLA): It supports SLA i.e. the level of service that the customer can expect together with any penalties to be levied by the service provider for failure to deliver. It should be possible to provide at least 4 classes of services. The SLA parameters include measurements of service delivery, availability, latency, throughput and restoration time etc. It should be possible to generate management reports providing information on customer node configuration and charges, faults and achievement against the SLAs. It is possible to deliver network management reports via a secure Website. Implementation of OSS, Messaging, Storage, Billing, EMS & Security Solutions Messaging  Messaging Solution of NIB-II provides the SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, WEBMAIL, WAPMAIL and Notifications services as a Class Of Service to all the customers of NIB-II and NIB-I  Message store will be content aware to support different types of services to be created by BSNL ranging from text email to multi-media messaging service  Messaging solution provide flexible control of message aging to define the conditions under which messages are automatically erased  Web mail interface will support multimedia message types for voice and fax mail, providing unified messaging interface in future  Message Transfer Agent (MTA) isdesigned to handle peak loads without service degradation or message loss  MTAs is designed to handle large message queues. There will be capability available to analyze and manage large message queues generated due to unreachability of message store (internal) and mail exchangers of other ISPs (external) or SPAM Web Hosting  Web space (Data Storage) on servers based on UNIX and Microsoft for hosting HTML pages with browser  Ftp access for uploading and downloading pages as per the plan. Restriction on simultaneous ftp sessions  Web Interface for centralized administration by user and administrators for services, usage reports, invoice and other reports  Interface for online registration of domain name Web Collocation  Necessary Security measures will be implemented both from customer and BSNL‘s perspective  Billing for this will be done on the basis of usage JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 9 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network  One of the service differentiator will be bandwidth on which the server is collocated. Security Solution  Anti-Virus solution: It will provide a mechanism to detect unknown virus. The solution will protect any Gateway and SMTP traffic from virus  Notification: For mails containing repeated complaints regarding abuse from the same IP address, mail will be sent automatically to the technical contact of the assignee of that IP address  Network Intrusion detection System: The NIDS detect unauthorized internal/external intrusion attempts into the data centers of NIB-II and will enable to apply appropriate policies on the firewall so as to prevent such attacks in real time. Suitable alarms will also be sent to the Security Control Console  Anti Control System: It is provided for Database servers, Messaging Stores, Web-Hosting Servers and NIDS  Self-protection: Must be able to prevent hackers with root/administrator access from circumventing or shutting down the security engine  Resource protection: Must allow controlling of access to all system resources including data files, devices, processes/services and audit files  Rights delegation: Must provide the ability to designate specific users as administrators, auditors and password managers etc with appropriate rights  Program Controls: Must provide protection against Back Doors and Trojan Horses Enterprise Management System  Objective of EMS is to provide a snap-shot graphical view of the health of NIB- II IT infrastructure as a whole including networking equipment, servers and services (business and process view)  Reporting system generate customized reports such as event-level, performance -level and service-level reports grouped by specific data fields such as time period, location, customer, series type, device type etc  Security Management display alarm and events specified by the criteria such as alarm type, vendor, service, location, source of attack, type of attack and impacted services  Event Management captures all the events that are being generated across the complete IT infrastructure, correlates them and initiate corrective actions automatically, as defined  System& Application Management measures the availability and performance of heterogeneous host systems on a 24x7x365 basis and initiate preventive and corrective actions automatically  System& Application Management monitor and manage multiple attributes (such as status, memory usage, size and resident size, process time, threads, response time, average throughput and CPU utilization etc) of a running process and problems and perform restart when processes go down. It will generate reports on QOS and capacity planning Mediation  Billing mediation is responsible for collecting usage and other charging data from the various network nodes, normalize the data into a consistent format and distribute it to other applications and billing system for processing this information JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 10 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network  System will collect different parameters from different sources to provide Cflow and Netflow based collection and mediation for usage based billing of different services including MPLS-VPN, Web-hosting, Message-Hosting etc  Parameters are o Bandwidth o Volume o Time of day/ day of week/ month (Peak/off peak) o Application (WWW, Email (POP3/IMAP4), Video, E-commerce etc ) o Destination o Type of Service (Gold, Silver, Bronze/best efforts) etc Database  RDBMS work in fail over mode over geographical locations  RDBMS work in a distributed mode across multiple servers  RDBMS work in a cluster mode Billing  Billing engine caters to all the billing requirements of BSNL include Retail Billing (Prepaid and Postpaid), Wholesale and third party billing, Inter connect and content billing, Dealers and Agents Commissions etc  Billing system supports the preparation of detailed bill, Differential tariff, Cross product discounting, Sponsored/split billing. Bundled accounting, Hot billing/On-demand billing, Hierarchy/ Corporate billing, Discounts & Promotions, Taxes, Notification system, Dealers and Agent commissions, Content Billing Content Billing  System provides BSNL subscribers to access services provided by external content providers and be able to handle the revenue sharing with the content provider within the single billing platform  System allows content providers who do not have their own customer care and billing system to use the billing system of BSNL Authentication, Authorization and Accounting  Irrespective of mode of access, it will manage the Authentication of all users/customers- both locally and via proxy RADIUS- and deliver the appropriate level of service to each customer  It will enable defining access schemes by time-of days, days-of-week, call type (PSTN, ISDN and DSL etc.), calling number and called number etc  It is integrated with Billing server for providing real time pre-paid balance management and session management across multiple sessions of multiple services of a user. 1.6 Broadband Multiplay What is Multiplay Service ? The term meaning the provisioning of different telecommunication services by Telecom Service Providers on wired and wireless networks , such as Broadband Internet access, TV,VOD, VPN, Telephony/VOIP and mobile phone service. Multi-Play is the convergence of voice, video and data services. JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 11 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network Figure 4: Multiplay Services The triple play service means providing the following services to the customer  Data (Internet)  Voice (VoIP and not the PSTN which is already provided on broadband also)  Video BROADBAND MULTIPLAY PROJECT COMPONENTS  L3PE (MCR / PE Router of NIB-2 Project 1 – Supplied by HCL)  BNG – Broadband Network Gateway-Connects Multiplay Network to NIB2 Backbone (Project 1)  RPR Tier-1 Switch -Provides connectivity from BNG to RPR Tier-2 Switch  RPR Tier-2 Switch  OC LAN Tier-2 Switch  DSLAM  DSL Tester Metro Core Routers  Providing Access to the Broadband Multiplay NW at A1, A2 locations of NIB2  Total 12 routers implemented as Metro Ethernet Project  2 routers each at 6 locations  Bangalore (A1) – 1*12416 and 1*12410  Chennai (A1) – 1*12416 and 1*12410  Kolkata (A1) – 1*12416 and 1*12410  Pune (A2) – 2*12410  Hyderabad (A2) – 2*12410  Ahmedabad (A2) – 2*12410 JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 12 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network Figure 5: Broadband Multiplay Layout Multiplay Network Connectivity for various services The Multiplay broadband network uses the existing MPLS core consisting of the Provider Edge and Provider routers. The content network provides various services like VOD,IPTV,VOIP through the specific content servers and get connected to the core network of the service provider. The network path and the traffic flow of various services are explained in the following diagrams. Figure 6: INTERNET SERVICES JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 13 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network Figure 7: VIDEO SERVICES 1.7 MNG-PAN It is MPLS Based Next Generation Packet Aggregation Network which incorporates the MPLS-TP (MPLS-Transport Profile) technology for Transport network of telecom services. MNG PAN is an advanced Packet Aggregation Network solution designed for efficient multi-service aggregate of voice, video and data traffic from various access technologies including MSAN, DSLAM, FTTx, Broadband Wireless Access, as well as 3/4G mobile network base stations. The products offer high-performance aggregation and a broad feature set, including network-wide time/clock synchronization, carrier class sub 50ms recovery resiliency, guaranteed QoS and SLA enforcement, end-to-end multi-layer OAM. The MNG-PAN or OC-PAN switches shall collect the customer traffic like voice, video and data being generated through different access Broadband networks such as DSL, FTTH, MSAN, 3G Node B, Wi-Max etc and hand over to IP-MPLS core network. The MNG-PAN switches shall be centrally managed from the EMS deployed at NOC/DR-NoC. The MNG-PAN switches shall transparently handle IPV6 traffic. The MNG-PAN switches shall have 99.999% reliability. JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 14 of 174 For Restricted Circulation  JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network Figure 8: MNG-PAN is used for the aggregation of the traffic from various network elements being deployed in the BSNL Network Limitation of Existing Network Out of many slow speed reasons in our broadband multiplay network one reason is bottleneck at aggregation network layer due to…  Heavy traffic from Access Network Layer (Cascaded DSLAMs, BSNL OLTEs, Third Party OLTEs, RNC Node-B, WiFi Hotspots, ILLs etc.) to Aggregation Network.  Heavy Traffic of OCLANs, Cascaded OCLANs and its connected access network layer NEs‘ Traffic aggregating to RPR.  Presently, we are having 1GE uplink connectivity from RPR T1 to BNG and we generally need to augment more uplinks between RPR T1 and BNG: No of Ports at BNG are limited with limited number of uplinks to BNG.  Only 1GE RPR at most places.  Low power issue in the RPR is generally being observed.  Unstable working condition of RPRs  Intermittent improper functioning of connected access network elements to aggregation network layer. WHY MNG PAN  Increasing redundancy and capacity of the network.  Bandwidth up-gradation from 1GE to 10GE or 100GE with more number of uplinks to BNG.  Rings of access network equipment is also possible.  Stability in the network.  Large network area coverage. JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 15 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network  Feasibility of future bandwidth Up-gradation and enhancement in redundancy of aggregation layer by putting two nodes uplinks.  Can also be implemented at Access layer.  Includes almost all features of MPLS-TP.  Can also works as layer 3 network for providing ILLs. 1.7.1 Typical Architecture of MNG-PAN Figure 9: Deployment Architecture of MNG-PAN and OC-PAN *PAN – COAU: Packet Aggregation Network – Central Office Aggregation Unit switch: for connecting to BNG or to MPLS routers *OC-PAN – Other City Packet Aggregation Network switch BSNL deployed MNG-PAN Aggregation Network in the 15 cities 421 PAN-COAU & PAN 287 OC PAN The OC-PAN ring will aggregate the traffic from all nodes and hand over the traffic to the upper MNG-PAN ring. The Central Office Aggregation Unit (COAU) switch of the PAN ring will aggregate the traffic from all the PAN nodes and hand over the traffic to the IP-MPLS core. The network shall support internetworking between the MPLS-TP and IP/MPLS domains by any of the solutions MPLS-TP Termination - service termination at the edge of each domain and traffic hand over UNI. MPLS-TP is a carried over IP-MPLS: service /Tunnel not terminated at the hand- off point, hand-off to core over S-VLAN tunnels or using GRE tunnels The equipment shall support the bridging functionality between MPLS-TP and IPMPLS domains. JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 16 of 174 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase II Data Network & IT BSNL Data Network 1.8 Conclusion Today every service providers are trying to build scalable, feature-rich Data Networks that can deliver profitable value-added services like multi protocol label switching (MPLS) virtual private networks (VPNs); carrying voice, video, and data services. BSNL is also upgrading its network with time to meet these requirements effectively. JTO Phase II (DNIT) Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 17 of 174 For Restricted Circulation