Occupational Competence Final (Young Adulthood) PDF

Occupational Competence Final Young Adulthood → End of Semester Content Exam Format: Multiple Choice Questions Young Adulthood A. Facts a. Increase independence b. Opportunity to pursue personal goals B....

Occupational Competence Final Young Adulthood → End of Semester Content Exam Format: Multiple Choice Questions Young Adulthood A. Facts a. Increase independence b. Opportunity to pursue personal goals B. Crossing Over a. Moving out of adolescent world b. Exploring possibilities in the adult world c. Emerging adult i. No children/family responsibility ii. Not financially independence iii. Exploring work, school, love relationship iv. Prolonged period of identity and occupational development d. Choosing an occupation C. Characteristics of Transitions a. Predictable sequence and timeline b. Current generation: protracted + unpredictable c. Integration of: age, cognitive development, physical development, social experience i. Physical development: skeletal maturity reaches with peak density between 25-35 1. Peak strength occurs by 30s with limited decline until 50 D. Hidden Hazards a. Increased autonomy b. Risk taking behavior (binge drinking, weed, amphetamines, cigarettes) c. Substance abuse E. Psychosocial + Emotional Development a. Intimacy vs Isolation i. Cognition: seeing other points of view, making decision that have long term impact ii. Stress + Coping: resilience to stress, coping strategies F. Career & Work Choice a. Ginzberg's Developmental Theory: career choice developed through fantasy, tentative, realistic b. Super's Theory: career choices are made based off childhood idea of self G. Work a. Continuous vs discontinuous career paths b. Work-life balance H. Marriage & Relationships a. Decision influenced by personal, economic, and social factors I. Childbearing & Rearing: a strong goal for some  J. Parenting: managing home life K. Recreation and leisure: variable per person L. Spirituality & religion: explore and refine belief systems Context & Environment Occupational Therapist focus: Occupations, Client factors, performance patterns, performance skills, contexts 1. Context: broad constructive factors that influencing engagement and participation occupation ( environmental factors, personal factors) a. Environmental factors: physical, social, attitudinal, natural and man-made 2. Support & Relationships: a. Provide practical or emotional support, protection, assistance, nurturing b. Relationships with individuals, pets, groups, organizations 3. Attitudes: a. Observable evidence of customs,practices, values, norms,ideologies by people other than the client 4. Service, Systems, Policies a. structured programs for operations by institutions to meet needs of persons, groups, or populations 5. Personal Factors a. Features of the individual that are not part of a health condition or status i. Age ii. Sexual orientation iii. Gender identity iv. Race + ethnicity v. Upbringing and background  Middle Adulthood Middle Adulthood Ages 35 (or 40)-65 Physiological changes occur → aging process Sophisticated level of thinking Beginning to sense mortality A. Developmental roles + activities a. Family obligations Peak b. Parenting may begin to lessen c. Caring for older adult parents increasing d. Crisis. on one's life B. Physical changes a. Decline in physical function with aging i. Bone ii. Strength iii. Cardiovascular iv. Respiratory b. Woman experience menopause c. Men experience changes in sexual performance C. Sensory changes a. Vision (internal/external eye structures) and hearing (high pitch sounds) D. Cognitive changes a. Cognition and memory i. Changes in thinking, speech, learning ii. Degeneration of nerve cell number iii. Decrease volume and prefrontal cortex iv. Changes in working memory E. Health Risks a. Osteoporosis b. Arthritis c. Cardiovascular disease d. Cancer e. Diabetes F. Loneliness a. Feeling of loneliness b. new and different from groups c. Awareness of mortality G. Major Life Tasks a. Caregiving b. Performing social and Civic services c. Maintaining career financial responsibility  d. Maintaining relationships e. Shifting priorities H. Occupations a. Spouse b. Dating/divorcee c. Friend d. Caregiver e. Worker f. Grandparent g. Parent h. Work: peak of career i. Community engagement: volunteering j. Recreation + leisure: trying new interest k. Spirituality and religion: engagement may change I. Stressors a. Chronic stress b. Finances c. Family concerns d. Health concerns J. Developmental Theories a. Generativity + Stagnation i. Thinking about society at large ii. Leaving something for next gen K. Empty Nesters a. Pride in accomplishment b. Feeling acknowledgement c. Taught children lesson d. Do something fun e. Celebrate your empty nest f. Prepare to be grandparents g. Focus on career L. Sandwich Generation a. Role strain: experienced within one particular role b. Role conflict: occurings between two different roles (2 specific things)  Older Adulthood Ages 60-85 Frail elderly (ages 85+) A. Aging a. Biological process is unknown b. Aging is common to all members of any given species c. Aging is progressive B. Characteristics of Aging a. Changes in biochemical composition b. Reduced ability to respond to stimuli c. Progressive decline in physiological capacity d. Increased mortality with age C. Theories of Aging a. Chronological age: length of time one has lived b. Biological age: senescent changes in biological processes i. Universal process ii. Progressive iii. Losses must be intrinsic c. Physiological age: relative to mental/cognitive functions d. Social age: social expectations, norms “act your age” D. Psychological Theories a. Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory i. Dynamics between gains/losses 1. Selection 2. Optimization 3. Compensation E. Sociocultural Theories a. Disengagement Theory i. Withdrawal from activities ii. Preparation for death iii. Fails to categorize activity iv. Failed to account for: culture, role changes, meaning b. Activity Theory i. Relationships between engagement in activity and life satisfaction ii. Maintain activities and add new knees iii. Cultural bias F. Developmental Theories a. Neugarten (life span) i. Old age is a stage of development b. Ego Integrity vs Despair i. Acceptance of one life cycle ii. Reflecting on past and legacy  iii. Acceptance of impending death c. Gerotranscendence i. Positive aging leads to life satisfaction d. Emotional Social Development i. Final season: winter of life G. Physical Changes a. Cardiovascular b. Respiratory c. Hearing: poor speech discrimination d. Vision: cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration e. INtegumentary system (skin changes) f. Neurological: neuronal loss, changes in cerebral blood flow g. GI Changes: mouth, esophagus, stomach, digestion h. Endocrine system: Vitamin D, glucose homeostasis i. Urinary system: prostate enlargement, bladder contractility j. Psychomotor changes: reaction time, coordinating movements, small object manipulation k. Cognitive changes: i. Attention: longer time-frame ii. Processing speed iii. Intellectual abilities: fluid intelligence iv. Memory v. Learning takes longer H. Roles a. Family member b. Friend c. Spouse d. Volunteer e. Patient I. Occupations a. Self care b. Home care c. Finances d. Leisure J. Occupational Patterns a. ADL b. IADL c. Rest/sleep d. Work e. Leisure/PLay f. Health g. Religion h. Social Participation