SCI Final 2025 PDF: Interpersonal Violence, Public Health, and Occupational Medicine

**SCI Final 2025** ================== **January 13th: Unpacking Interpersonal Violence** ================================================== ### I. Introduction to Interpersonal Violence - Definition (WHO, 1996): ======================= - \"The intentional use of physical force or pow...

**SCI Final 2025** ================== **January 13th: Unpacking Interpersonal Violence** ================================================== ### I. Introduction to Interpersonal Violence - Definition (WHO, 1996): ======================= - \"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.\" ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== - Categories of Violence (WHO Report on Violence and Health): =========================================================== - Self-inflicted ============== - Interpersonal ============= - Collective ========== ### II. Recognizing Interpersonal Violence (IPV) - Types of IPV: ============= - Domestic violence (physical, sexual, emotional, economic abuse) =============================================================== - Stalking ======== - Sexual violence, including trafficking and rape =============================================== - National Statistics on IPV: =========================== - 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men experience severe IPV in their lifetime. ==================================================================== - 8.8% of women have been raped by an intimate partner. ===================================================== - IPV costs exceed \$5.8 billion annually in healthcare and lost productivity. ============================================================================ ### III. Screening for IPV - Clinical Signs: =============== - Chronic headaches, pelvic pain, anxiety, depression =================================================== - Inconsistent explanations for injuries ====================================== - Pattern of repeated visits for vague symptoms ============================================= - Best Screening Tools: ===================== - Routine screening in private settings ===================================== - Direct and indirect questioning (e.g., \"Do you feel safe at home?\") ===================================================================== - Avoid using family members as interpreters ========================================== - Screening Models: ================= - ADVR (Asking, Documenting, Validating, Referring) ================================================= - RADAR (Routine screening, Ask direct questions, Document, Assess safety, Review options) ======================================================================================== ### IV. Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) - Principles of TIC: ================== - Client choice and empowerment ============================= - Collaboration between provider and patient ========================================== - Sensitivity to past trauma ========================== - Provider Role: ============== - Ensure confidentiality and trust ================================ - Provide validating and compassionate responses ============================================== - Refer patients to appropriate support services ============================================== ### V. Special Populations and IPV - Children: ========= - Symptoms: aggression, withdrawal, self-harm, academic issues ============================================================ - Over 700,000 children in the U.S. experience abuse annually =========================================================== - Elderly: ======== - 90% of elder abuse occurs at home ================================= - Financial exploitation is a growing issue ========================================= - Screening questions: \"Who takes care of your checkbook? Do you feel safe at home?\" ==================================================================================== - LGBTQ+ Individuals: =================== - Higher reported rates of IPV than heterosexual individuals ========================================================== - Transgender individuals report a 34.6% lifetime IPV rate ======================================================== ### VI. Prevention Strategies - Individual Level: ================= - Education on healthy relationships ================================== - Empowerment and self-defense training ===================================== - Community Level: ================ - Safe housing programs ===================== - Public awareness campaigns ========================== - Policy Level: ============= - Strengthening laws on IPV ========================= - Increased funding for survivor services ======================================= - Improved training for healthcare providers ========================================== ### VII. Physician Role in IPV Advocacy - Within Clinical Settings: ========================= - Universal screening for IPV =========================== - Providing trauma-informed care ============================== - Documentation and legal reporting ================================= - In Policy Advocacy: =================== - Supporting IPV prevention policies ================================== - Engaging in research and public health initiatives ================================================== - Partnering with community organizations ======================================= ### VIII. Resources for IPV Prevention and Support - National Hotlines: ================== - National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) ========================================================= - Child Abuse Hotline: 1-800-252-5400 =================================== - Evidence-Based Interventions: ============================= - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for trauma survivors ================================================= - Community programs for violence prevention ========================================== - Trauma-informed care training for healthcare providers ====================================================== ### IX. Conclusion Interpersonal violence is a critical public health issue requiring comprehensive intervention at individual, community, and policy levels. Clinicians play a vital role in screening, providing support, and advocating for systemic change to prevent IPV and support survivors. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= **January 22nd: Improving Health with Policy** ============================================== ### I. Introduction to Health Policy - Definition of Policy: Law, regulation, procedure, administrative action, incentive, or voluntary practice by governments and institutions (CDC). ================================================================================================================================================ - Goals of Health Policy: ======================= - Prevent disease and manage public health emergencies. ===================================================== - Ensure safety of food, water, and the environment. ================================================== - Promote healthcare quality and protect patient rights. ====================================================== - Improve access and efficiency in healthcare. ============================================ - Increase health equity. ======================= ### II. Using Policy to Promote Public Health - Regulation of alcohol and tobacco (age restrictions, taxes). ============================================================ - Gun control measures. ===================== - Injury prevention policies (workplace, highways). ================================================= - Nutrition regulations (trans fat bans, food labeling). ====================================================== - Drug and medical device approval. ================================= - Licensing of healthcare professionals and facilities. ===================================================== - Patient protection policies (privacy laws, ethical medical research guidelines). ================================================================================ ### III. Levels of Policy Implementation - Public and Private Sectors: =========================== - Primary Care Facilities (Private practices, FQHCs, Community Health Centers) ============================================================================ - Hospitals (Public and private) ============================== - School Districts ================ - Municipalities (City, County, etc.) =================================== - State and Federal Government ============================ - Bi-National and Global Policies =============================== ### IV. Policy Change Tools - Granting or revoking authority. =============================== - Creating incentives or disincentives. ===================================== - Capacity building (education, training, information). ===================================================== - Symbolic policies (justice, rights promotion). ============================================== - Research and data-driven policy decisions. ========================================== ### V. Key Decision Makers in Policy - School Districts ================ - Cities and Counties =================== - Public and Private Hospitals ============================ - Non-Profit Organizations ======================== - Businesses ========== - Federal and State Governments ============================= ### VI. Public vs. Private Sector Policy Examples - Public Policy: ============== - Federal laws ensuring disability access (Rehabilitation Act, Section 508). ========================================================================== - Texas law prohibiting gratuities in public health hospitals. ============================================================ - Private Sector Policies: ======================== - Hospital policies on family presence. ===================================== - Workplace policies on tobacco, alcohol, and nutrition. ====================================================== ### VII. Steps in Policy Change - Agenda Setting: Identifying key issues. ======================================= - Policy Windows Theory (Kingdon): ================================ - Problems: Social conditions become policy issues. ================================================= - Solutions: Well-researched policy options. ========================================== - Political Will: National mood, advocacy, election cycles. ========================================================= - Factors in Policy Change: ========================= - Identifying the problem. ======================== - Proposing a viable solution. ============================ - Political readiness for change. =============================== ### VIII. Role of Research in Policy - Research highlights issues and potential solutions. =================================================== - Evidence alone is insufficient; strategic dissemination is key. =============================================================== - Community-based participatory research (CBPR) engages stakeholders. =================================================================== ### IX. Stakeholders in Health Policy - Definition: Any group affected by or affecting policy outcomes. =============================================================== - Examples: ========= - Healthcare professionals ======================== - Government agencies =================== - Advocacy groups =============== - Businesses and employers ======================== - Community organizations ======================= - Religious and educational institutions ====================================== - Engaging Stakeholders: ====================== - Encourages participation and power-sharing. =========================================== - Increases policy success rate. ============================== - Enhances cultural competence. ============================= ### X. Physician Roles in Health Policy - Advocacy: Representing patient and community interests. ======================================================= - Informing Policy: Serving as expert witnesses. ============================================== - Participation in Policy Development: Working with organizations (AMA, local/state/federal entities). ==================================================================================================== - Improving Healthcare Access: ============================ - Expanding insurance and financial accessibility. ================================================ - Addressing transportation and physical barriers. ================================================ - Supporting policies for cultural competency and language access. ================================================================ - Promoting Quality of Care: ========================== - Encouraging evidence-based medical practices. ============================================= - Advocating for medical research funding. ======================================== ### XI. Actionable Steps for Policy Advocacy - Identify a healthcare issue. ============================ - Determine relevant policymakers. ================================ - Develop policy proposals. ========================= - Engage stakeholders. ==================== - Monitor policy implementation and impact. ========================================= Conclusion: Physicians and medical professionals play a crucial role in shaping health policy. By understanding policy structures, engaging with stakeholders, and advocating for change, they can drive improvements in healthcare access, quality, and equity. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ **January 27th:Water Reuse, Clinical Practice & Public Health** ### I. Introduction to Water Reuse and Public Health - - - - - - - - - ### II. Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) - - - - - - - - - - - - ### III. Water Reuse in El Paso - - - - - - - - - ### IV. Advanced Water Purification Process ("My Really Unique Green Fish") 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ### V. Public Health and Clinical Relevance - - - - - - - - ### VI. Water Sustainability and Future Considerations - - - - - - - - - - - ### VII. Summary and Key Takeaways - - - - **Feb 3rd: Occupational Medicine** Burden of Occupational and Environmental Disease and Injury ----------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - Elements of an Occupational and Environmental History ----------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Health Impacts of Occupational and Environmental Exposures ---------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - Screening & Diagnosis of Occupational and Environmental Diseases ---------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Occupational Diseases vs. Work-Related Diseases ----------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - Recognizing Occupational Disease Clues -------------------------------------- - - - - Common Occupational Disease-Causing Agents & High-Risk Industries ----------------------------------------------------------------- Disease Agent Industry ---------------------------- ------------------ --------------------------------- Silicosis Silica dust Mining, construction Asbestosis Asbestos Shipbuilding, insulation Lead poisoning Lead Battery manufacturing, painting Benzene toxicity Benzene Petrochemical, printing Noise-induced hearing loss Loud noise Manufacturing, aviation Dermatitis Chemicals Healthcare, hairdressing Neuropathy Organic solvents Manufacturing, painting Occupational Carcinogens & Affected Organs ------------------------------------------ Carcinogen Affected Organ ---------------- ------------------------ Asbestos Lungs (mesothelioma) Benzene Bone marrow (leukemia) Arsenic Skin, lung Vinyl chloride Liver (angiosarcoma) Chromium Lungs Diesel exhaust Lungs Prevention of Occupational Diseases ----------------------------------- 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - Legal & Compensation Aspects ---------------------------- - - - - - - - ### Key Takeaways: - - - - - **Feb 10th: Providing Holistic Care for Underserved populations** I am sorry I got tired :'( Some important definitions: - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Key tools for person-centered care to help you meet people where they are: - - - - **February 17th: Evidence-Based Prevention Services** ===================================================== Objectives ---------- - - - - - - Levels of Prevention -------------------- 1. 2. 3. ### The Public Health Pyramid - - The \"3 Buckets\" of Prevention (Auerbach, 2016) ------------------------------------------------ 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - Example: Massachusetts tobacco control program combined insurance coverage, counseling services, and public campaigns---leading to reduced smoking rates. The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) --------------------------------------------- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Role of Screening in Prevention ----------------------------------- - - - - - Violence Prevention (Public Health Perspective) ----------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - Key Takeaways for Healthcare Professionals ------------------------------------------ - - - **July 10, 2023- SDOH** Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age, influencing a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes. Healthy People 2030 categorizes SDOH into five key domains: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Addressing SDOH is essential for reducing health disparities and promoting health equity. Healthy People 2030 emphasizes the importance of creating social, physical, and economic environments that enable all individuals to achieve their full health potential. Public health organizations, alongside sectors like education, transportation, and housing, are encouraged to collaborate in improving these conditions. **September 14, 2023: Health Literacy** Health literacy is a central focus of Healthy People 2030, aiming to eliminate health disparities and improve health and well-being for all. The initiative emphasizes both personal and organizational health literacy, recognizing the roles of individuals and organizations in health communication. 1. - - - 2. - - 3. - **Definitions of Health Literacy:** - - **August 17, 2023: Cultural Competence:** Cultural competence in health and human services refers to the ability of systems, agencies, and professionals to function effectively in cross-cultural situations. It involves understanding and integrating behaviors, attitudes, and policies that respect and acknowledge the diverse cultural backgrounds of individuals and communities. This competence is essential for reducing health disparities and improving the quality of care for all population groups. **Understanding Cultural and Linguistic Competence:** 1. 2. 3. **Organizational Requirements for Cultural Competence:** 1. 2. a. b. c. d. e. **Policy Integration:** Incorporate these elements into all aspects of policy making, administration, practice, and service delivery, involving consumers, key stakeholders, and communities systematically. **Principles Guiding Cultural Competence:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Implementing cultural competence is a developmental process that evolves over time, requiring continuous self-assessment, learning, and adaptation by both individuals and organizations. By embracing these principles, health and human service organizations can enhance their effectiveness in serving culturally diverse populations, leading to improved health outcomes and reduced disparities.