Volcanoes PDF

Earth and Space: Define what is a Volcano Define what is a Volcano Describe the different types of volcanoes based on structure and activity Define what is a Volcano Describe the different types of volcanoes based on structure and activity Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt Earth and...

Earth and Space: Define what is a Volcano Define what is a Volcano Describe the different types of volcanoes based on structure and activity Define what is a Volcano Describe the different types of volcanoes based on structure and activity Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt Earth and Space: Iceland volcano is erupting again, cutting heat and hot water supplies. Timelapse of Philippines volcano eruption - BBC News  is a land-form, a mountain, where molten rocks erupt through the surface of the planet. The volcano mountain opens downwards to a pool of molten rocks below the surface of the earth.  is a land-form, a mountain, where molten rocks erupt through the surface of the planet. The volcano mountain opens downwards to a pool of molten rocks below the surface of the earth. The Philippines is home to several volcanoes due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire.  The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.  The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.  Any activity that includes the movement of magma towards or onto the surface is called volcanism.  Any activity that includes the movement of magma towards or onto the surface is called volcanism. Volcanism happens when underground molten rocks (magma) find a path through the lithosphere to the surface  A volcano is a hill, mountain, or fissure from which molten rocks, hot gases, and ash are ejected. “Volcano" also means a crater formed by the removal of preexisting materials, or a hill or mountain formed from the accumulation of ejected materials.  A volcano is a hill, mountain, or fissure from which molten rocks, hot gases, and ash are ejected. “Volcano" also means a crater formed by the removal of preexisting materials, or a hill or mountain formed from the accumulation of ejected materials. Magma When rocks become so hot, they can become a substance called magma. Magma comes out of a vent, the central opening of a volcano. Vent Volcanic openings or fissures, serve as pathways for the magma to reach the Earth’s surface during volcanic eruptions. Secondary vents, or also called “fumaroles”, emit only gases. Lava Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet onto its surface. Lava Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet onto its surface. Inside = Magma Outside = Lava (Lavas) Crater Craters are formed by the outward explosion of rocks and other materials from a volcano. The mouth of the volcano which is a funnel-shaped or bowl-shaped hollow at the top of the vent from where magma, ash and gas comes out. Calderas Calderas are formed by the inward collapse of a volcano. Craters are usually more circular than calderas. Calderas Calderas are formed by the inward collapse of a volcano. Craters are usually more circular than calderas. Example: The Taal Lake, also known as Talisay Lake, located in the Province of Batangas. Magma Chamber Region beneath the vent of a volcano where molten rock or magma is deposited or stored before eruption. Volcanic bombs These are often ejected with great force, can travel significant distances from the volcano before solidifying into various shapes and sizes. 1 An activity that includes the movement of magma towards or onto the surface of the volcano. 1 An activity that includes the movement of magma towards or onto the surface of the volcano. 2 A is a hill, mountain, or fissure from which molten rocks, hot gases, and ash are ejected. 2 A is a hill, mountain, or fissure from which molten rocks, hot gases, and ash are ejected. 3 These are molten or partially molten rocks that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet onto its surface. 3 These are molten or partially molten rocks that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet onto its surface. 4 Why is the Philippines home to many volcanoes and prone to earthquakes? 4 Why is the Philippines home to many volcanoes and prone to earthquakes? 5 Volcanic openings or fissures, serve as pathways for the magma to reach the Earth’s surface during volcanic eruptions 5 Volcanic openings or fissures, serve as pathways for the magma to reach the Earth’s surface during volcanic eruptions What is the role or importance of magma in the formation and eruption of volcanoes? What is the role or importance of magma in the formation and eruption of volcanoes? Magma is an important material in volcanic activity. Volcanic eruptions are influenced by the type of magma, which also influences the resulting type of cone formed. Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic Silica Content Least Least Most (~50%) (~50%) (~70%) Viscosity least intermediate most Tendency to highest intermediate least form lava Tendency to least intermediate highest form pyroclastic materials VISCOSITY The resistance of fluids to flow. Affects the consistency of magma. Properties of the Different Types of Magma 1. What are the types Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic Silica Least Least Most of magma based on Content (~50%) (~50%) (~70%) Viscosity least intermediat most their composition? e Tendency highest intermediat least to form e lava Tendency least intermediat highest to form e pyroclastic materials Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic Silica Least Least Most Content Viscosity (~50%) least (~50%) intermediat (~70%) most 1. What are the Tendency highest e intermediat least types of magma to form e based on their lava Tendency least intermediat highest composition? to form e pyroclastic materials Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic Silica Least Least Most Content Viscosity (~50%) least (~50%) intermediat (~70%) most 1. What are the Tendency highest e intermediat least types of magma to form e based on their lava Tendency least intermediat highest composition? to form e pyroclastic materials Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic 1. What are the types Silica Least Least Most Content (~50%) (~50%) (~70%) of magma based on Viscosity least intermediate most their composition? Tendency highest intermediate least to form lava BASALTIC. Tendency least intermediate highest to form ANDESITIC. pyroclastic materials GRANITIC Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic 2. Which type of magma Silica Content Least (~50%) Least (~50%) Most (~70%) has the highest viscosity? Viscosity least intermediate most Least viscosity? Tendency highest intermediate least to form lava Tendency least intermediate highest to form pyroclastic materials Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic Silica Least Least Most 2. Which type of Content (~50%) (~50%) (~70%) Viscosity least intermediate most magma has the Tendency highest intermediate least highest viscosity? to form lava Least viscosity? Tendency least intermediate highest to form pyroclastic materials Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic Silica Least Least Most 2. Which type of Content (~50%) (~50%) (~70%) Viscosity least intermediate most magma has the Tendency highest intermediate least highest viscosity? to form lava Least viscosity? Tendency least intermediate highest to form pyroclastic materials Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic Silica Least Least Most Content Viscosity (~50%) least (~50%) (~70%) intermediate most 3. Which has the Tendency highest intermediate least most silica to lava form content? Tendency least intermediate highest to form pyroclastic materials Properties of the Different Types of Magma Property Basaltic Andesitic Granitic Silica Content Least (~50%) Least (~50%) Most (~70%) 3. Which has the Viscosity least intermediate most most silica Tendency to form highest intermediate least content? lava Tendency least intermediate highest to form pyroclastic materials Volcanoes can be classified based on structure and activity. Volcanoes can be classified based on structure and activity. Stratovolcano Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcanoes are tall and cone- shaped. Stratovolcano Stratovolcanoes are tall and cone- shaped. They build up by layering lava, ash, and tephra Stratovolcano Stratovolcan oes are tall and cone- shaped. They build up by layering lava, ash, and tephra Cotopaxi Ecuador Stratovolcano Stratovolcanoes are tall and cone-shaped. They build up by layering lava, ash, and tephra Mount Apo Province of Cotabato  Stratovolcano Also spelled as Kanla-on or sometimes Canlaon, is an active stratovolcano on the island of Negros, Philippines. The highest point in whole Visayas, with an elevation of 2,465 m above sea level. Mount Kanlaon (Canlaon) Province of Negros  Stratovolcano Mayon, also known as Mayon Volcano or Mount Mayon, is an active stratovolcano in the province of Albay in Bicol Region Mayon Volcano Province of Albay Shield Volcano Shield volcanoes earned their name because they’re shaped like a shield. Shield Volcano Shield volcanoes earned their name because they’re shaped like a shield. Shield volcanoes are formed by less viscous basaltic lava flows.  Shield Volcano Shield volcanoes earned their name because they’re shaped like a shield Shield volcanoes are formed by less viscous basaltic lava Sierra Negra Volcano Galápagos Islands flows. Cinder Cone Volcano Cinder cone volcanoes are small in comparison to the other types of volcanoes. In fact, they’re only tens of hundreds of meters in size. Very steep typically with a bowl- shaped crater at the summit.  Cinder Cone Volcano Because cinder cones are made up almost exclusively of loose fragments, they have very little strength. They can be eroded away easily, and relatively quickly. CHECKPOINT! 1-3. What are the types of magma based on their composition? 4. These are molten or partially molten rocks that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet onto its surface. 5. The term used to refer to any activity that includes the movement of magma towards or onto the surface. 6-8. Give the three types of volcano based on their structure (TAKE NOTE: Structure and not based on activity). 9-10. Write two takeaway from this lesson about volcanoes. ☺