Vincent Seely - BRZ GHIH Midterm Review Packet 2025 PDF

Name:_________________________________ Date:______________ Period:________ Global History I Honors Midterm Review 2025...

Name:_________________________________ Date:______________ Period:________ Global History I Honors Midterm Review 2025 The Midterm Examination is scheduled for​ Monday, January 27 in class It will consist of 30 multiple choice questions Review Packet Due Dates Review Sheet Due Date #1 – Paleo/Neo 1/21 #2 – River Valley Civs and Migrations 1/22 #3 – Classical Civs 1/23 #4 – Belief Systems 1/24  Review Sheet #1 – Paleo/Neo 1.​ Vocabulary: IN YOUR OWN WORDS, define the following: Term Definition Nomadic Living without settling. Travel. Sedentary A stationary lifestyle. All resources are centralized with one community. Pastoralism System of herding livestock. Hierarchy An order where people have roles in society. Stratification The separation of something into multiple groups. Divine Something like or related to gods and goddesses. Patriarchy Used to describe something male-dominated, like a society. Egalitarian The principle of having all people being equal and being the same in many ways. 2.​ Prehistory: Paleolithic vs. Neolithic Paleolithic 3.5 million years to 10,000 B.C.E Neolithic Age 10,000 B.C.E – 4,000 B.C.E Had many small nomadic tribes/groups. The groups People during this age started to adopt lifestyles and make Social had men as hunters and women as gathers. Both had civilizations. They had a very hierarchical society and labor Organization very crucial roles in survival. was at their start. People had roles in different ways. Had no social classes. Had spears made of stone, wood, and bone. Harnessed Had lots of significance with tools and used tons of materias Technological​ fire, cave paintings. and techniques to make everything easier. Copper and bronz Innovations tools. It was based on hunting and creating tools. Didn't really Labor began and people started to barter because of it. communicate with other tribes/ groups, no trade as well Farming and domestication. Economic​ No specialized jobs.. Specialization, merchants. Patterns What technologies did Paleolithic people develop in order to adapt to their environment? Identify 2 specific examples of technology​ and the impact of each. The stone tools made hunting and gathering a lot more efficient. It helped them get resources faster and fight better. The fire also played a role in society with their environment. It helped them keep warm in cold climates and cook food without going back to camp. Clothes from animal hides. The Neolithic Revolution is considered the most important turning point in history. Provide evidence to support this assertion: It really helped develop better technology and create agriculture. Just like stone tools which helped people be more efficient in gathering resources and traveling. Shift from nomadic to sedentary lifestyle. More reliable food sources led to surpluses and specialization and eventual development of civilizations. Review Sheet #2 – River Valley Civilizations and Migrations Culture (Religion, Intellectual, Tech.) Political Organization Religious beliefs? View on Afterlife? Centralized or decentralized? explain MESOPOTAMIA They believed in Polytheism, and believed in They were decentralized because there temples. They also believed in the afterlife. were many other city states and (SW Asia/Middle East, Cuneiform: kingdoms that competed for land. developed by 3500 BCE) It allowed for business to spread ideas. One of the first writing systems. Rulers claimed their authority derived Rivers: directly from a divine power. Tigris, Euphrates Ziggurats: A place of worship in Mesopotamia. Significance of Hammurabi’s Code? Metallurgy: lex talionis-retribution They used different materials for tools such as punishments were based on social status bronze, copper, tin, and iron. It is the first written law. Provided law and order for mesopotamia and was a future more law code. They did something called an eye for eye which meant if you did something bad, they could do something bad to you. Lex talionis; retribution, punishments based on social status, Religious beliefs? View on Afterlife? Centralized or decentralized? Explain EGYPT They had a very positive mindset on the They were centralized because the afterlife because they had predictable flooding empire was under only one ruler who (NW Africa, developed by on their rivers which helped with their controlled the entire empire. 3000 BCE) agriculture and crops. They were very polytheistic and had a positive outlook on their gods and goddesses. River: The Book of the Dead: Role of religion in Government? It was said that people were supposed to recite They were very linked and the pharaoh this to the gods after death and i t shows that was considered a ruler over the religion. the Egyptians had morals and were very The pharaoh ruled on the behalf of the religious. Developed a strong belief in the gods, they were rulers with lots of power afterlife. over the centralized government,  Pyramids: Very large tombs built for pharaohs and people of high status. Was made for power and religious purposes. Hieroglyphics/Demotic: → religious Ancestor veneration: Centralized or decentralized? Explain SHANG/ZHOU CHINA The belief that deceased ancestors were able both to intervene in the affairs of the living. During the Xia period it was centralized (E. Asia, developed by 1700 because they had direct military and BCE) political control over the area. Oracle Bones: During the Shang many different families ruled the area, causing it to be River: Some problems were written on Bones then decentralized were healed until they were cracked and then the cracks predicted what would happen in the future, Mandate of Heaven/dynastic cycle: The idea where China only can have only one ruler at once, and that the ruler had the blessing of the gods. The mandate gave people the right to rebel and cause natural disasters. Harappa & Mohenjo Daro: describe cities and Impact of Indo-European migrations? INDUS VALLEY technology These migrations brought about cultural Harappan and Vedic a rectangular grid of streets, mud brick houses exchanges, trade networks, and the with running water and indoor plumbing, sewer spread of Indo-European languages (SW Asia, developed by systems, and public buildings. across a wide geographical area. 1700 BCE) River: Reason(s) for decline: What/When was the Vedic Age? The decline of trade, their climate, and their The Vedic Age is generally dated from drying up and flooding of the rivers. around 1500 BCE to 500 BCE. This period began with the arrival of the Indo-Aryans in the Indian subcontinent and continued until the rise of significant urban centers and the emergence of new religious ideas. Migrations: The Bantu and Indo-European Migrations (Review Sheet # 2 Continued)​  The Bantu Migrations (2000 B.C.E – 500 C.E) The Indo-European Migrations (3500 B.C.E – 1000 B.C.E Over 500 Bantu languages share a common ancestor, They had similarities in languages and suggested a common suggesting dispersal from their homeland. They used ancestor. Had patterns of burial practices, horse Evidence for the pottery, ironworking techniques, and agricultural domestication, and had wheeled vehicles for transportation. Migration? practices spread across Africa. Analysis of ancient DNA and modern populations. As the population grew, they needed more land for The climate may have forced the Indo-Europeans to migrate.. farming. They had tons of droughts and may have Why did they pushed groups to seek more areas. They used their They used horses to travel faster for transportation. The migrate? iron tools for more efficient farming and clearing trees in population growth had some competition for resources and forests. There were strains on resources due to drove groups outward. population pressures or overgrowth. The spread of Bantu agricultural practices included the The spread of Indo-European languages. These languages cultivation of bananas and yams. Their spread of became dominant across a vast area from India to Europe. What was the languages as they migrated throughout Africa. Their The introduction of horse domestication also spread for impact of the iron tools also spread as well. warfare and transportation. Also had development of new migration? What social structures and agricultural practices. technologies and/or cultural aspects spread?  Review Sheet #3 - Classical Civilizations (600 B.C.E – 600 C.E) Culture/Religion Political Structure Eco/Social Aspects Examples of Tolerance: Satrapy System: Royal Road: It allowed religious freedom and A system where satrapies were A large road throughout the entire Cyrus was respectful towards ruled by satraps. empire. It was used for trade and PERSIAN Jews and helped them build their communication. Achaemenid religious buildings. Capital city: Persepolis. center of trade, monumental architecture. Qnats: Underground methods of Zoroastrianism: Important for trade and transporting water. Used for Dualism administration. Used to legitimize bathing water and drinking water. Free Will the empire's rules. Socrates/Plato/Aristotle: Why decentralized? Why forced to trade, colonize, They had great philosophers, and The geography made it hard for explore? They overpopulated and expanded philosophy and the empire to be ruled by only one needed to extend. Mountainous GREECE learning. ruler. They had a lot of city-states geography could not support the and fought for power. growing population. Greek Architecture/Parthenon: Government in Athens: A marble temple for the Greek A direct democracy and had goddess athena. It was very alliances to expand sturdy and showed power towards other empires. Government in Sparta: Had a very good military force to expand and was an oligarchy. Role of Buddhism: Evidence that Maurya was more Gupta golden age achievements: Had the 4 noble truths, Eightfold centralized: Advancements in math and INDIA path, and rock and pillar edicts. It was based on Persia and had technology. Writing and literature. spies looking at all the provinces Maurya/Gupta to make sure the rulers were ruling well. Role of Hinduism: impact of Caste System: Introduced the caste system. Caused social stratification to Caste system- reinforces strict Why more centralized? increase. social hierarchy, It was based on Persia and had spies looking over the provinces. Mandate of Heaven Qin Centralization and impact of Why did Han expand westward? A way of deciding the rule of a Legalism: (2 reasons) family. Some families would come A very centralized bureaucracy. To protect the borders and Secure CHINA into power and rule until they were Used legalism, and got rid of the silk Road trade routes. The Qin/Han deemed to be missing their power. literature and got rid of people with Han Dynasty sought to control the opposite opinions.  Silk Road Trade routes that connected Asia and Europe, Han Confucianism/civil service: which facilitated their expansion Gave people different types of into Central Asia. government roles and made a system of respect based on their religion and age. Impact of Christianity: Roman Republic: Role in Mediterranean sea trade: One of the main reasons for They were controlled by the Traded luxuries, helped spread Rome's decline. wealthy and had 2 Consuls Christianity. elected from the Patrician class. ROME Roman Empire: Patricians/Plebeians/Slaves Imperialism, and militaristic. Rich and in high power Middle class and the lowest class. (Review Sheet #3 Continued) Common Features of Classical Civilizations: ​ Political Centralized government with a ruling class. Bureaucracy to administer large areas. Roads and supported networks of trade and communication to connect regions. Large militaries to conquer new lands and defend power. ​ Economic Agricultural-based economy with trade. Taxation to pay for the military, infrastructure, governors. ​ Belief Systems Complex religious and philosophical traditions. Religious authority often linked to the government to give the ruler legitimacy. Morals and values of common belief systems were often incorporated into government. Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Empire: What was Hellenism? A widespread adoption and adaptation of Greek Culture, language, and ideas across the ancient world. Impact of Alexander’s Empire on the classical world? By promoting cultural exchange, trade, and the spread of Greek influence. Led to the fall of the Persian Empire, conquered city states left a power vacuum for expansion of the Roman Empire. Role that cities (Alexandria) played in cross-cultural connections: They played crucial roles as centers where ideas and innovations were exchanged and developed. Hellenistic achievements (at Alexandria, Egypt) Blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian cultures as a result of his conquests. Library at Alexandria persevered with knowledge. What happened to his empire after his death? His empire separated into several Hellenistic kingdoms ruled by his generals. Fall of Classical Civilizations: Persia Maurya/Gupta Han Dynasty Roman Empire Review Sheet #4 – Belief Systems and Religions Common Characteristics of Belief Systems/Ethical Systems:  Societies, Origins, Beliefs, Practices, Texts Impact on Society and/or Time Period, Spread Government Confucianism Founded by Confuncius. Harmony results when people understand Many Chinese today accept his Was used in the Han their role in society. People should put the idea of duty to family. His ideas Dynasty. Confucianism needs of their family and community first. helped open up government spread through the older people were superior to young people jobs to people with talent. conservation of some Confucius literature after the Qin dynasty. Filial Piety. or respect and devotion to one's parents. Legalism Used in the Qin Dynasty. Society needs a system of harsh laws and Legalism developed laws that The Qin Dynasty, strict punishments. The nature of man is became an important part of starting with Qin evil, goodness is acquired. Chinese history. Shihuandgi, prohibited anything to do with Confucianism. Daoism FOunded by Lazoi People should give up worldly desires in Teaches the importance of favor of nature and the Dao. Weiwei, or to nature and encourages people live in harmony with nature and reject the to treat nature with respect and world of conflict. reverence.  Societies, Time Period, Spread Beliefs, Practices, Texts Impact on Society Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha It rejects the caste system because case Transformed the Maurya Guatama. Was used in identity promotes desire. Empire completely, the switch the Maurya Empire. from Hinduism to Buddhism Buddhism was spread rejected the caste system, and throughout the Empire. Understand and live the Four Noble Truths. promoted nonviolence and peace between people, societies, and civilizations. Hinduism No single founder, was a Believed in one god, Brahma, or different The Caste System caused the result of cultural aspects of Brahma. people of India to be diffusion. Was used in permanently divided into the Gupta Empire. classes, and there is no Hinduism was spread in flexibility or mobility between the Gupta Empire Followed the caste system, each class. through the founding and supported by Hindu ideas of use of schools that taught Hindu teachings. karma and samsara. Dharma, moral and religious caste duties needed to be fulfilled Having good karma, meditating, and displaying devotion to god/s was in order to stop the cycle of reincarnation and achieve Moksha.  Judaism Founded by Abraham The Torah/First five books of the Bible’s Old Judaism had some influence (Chosen by God to be Testament. The Ten Commandments. The over the people in the Israeli “father” of the Hebrews) followers of Judaism followed the Torah and region. at around 2000 BCE. Old Testament prophecies and used them as their beliefs. Dualism played a large part in Judaism. Monotheistic and believed in one powerful god. Christianity Founded by Jesus Christ The Bible, both the Old Testament and New Christianity has spread around (born in 4 BCE in the Testament. The Ten Commandments. The the world, becoming the largest Roman Empire) at followers of CHristianity follow the Bible and religious group in the world. around 30 CE. After the The Ten Commandments. crucifixion of Jesus, Apostles spread Christianity. Monotheistic, and believed in one powerful GOd. Dualism plays a major role in Christianity. HONORS MIDTERM FUNCTIONAL VOCABULARY LIST Accurately Merged Achieves Monarch Adapt Monotheistic Administration Monasticism Afterlife Monumental Architecture Agrarian Moral Agriculture Mythologies Alienation Nomadic Animist Oaths Bureaucracies Pastoralist Capacity Patriarchal Central Authority Penalties Characterizes Pharaoh Citizens Priestly Class Core Teachings Proliferation Depopulation Prominent Devoid Promoting Devotee Regarding Distinctions Reliance Edict Renunciation Egalitarian Rituals Egalitarianism Samsara Epic Scripture Equality Sedentary Essential Sermon Exemplifies Social Hierarchies Exporting Spiritual Meditators Foraging Steppe Nomads Gender Stratified Harmony Subordination Illustrates Migration Superior/Inferior Relationships Inference Tended to become Innovations Tribute Obligations Interregional Unification Job Specialization Untrustworthy Justify Urban Legitimize Varying Meditating Vedic Veneration