Victorian Era Canada: A Journey Through Time PDF

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Canadian history Victorian era Canadian development 19th century

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This document provides an overview of the Victorian era in Canada, covering topics such as political landscapes, economic development, social impacts, and technological advancements. It explores the transformation of Canada from scattered colonies to a unified nation during Queen Victoria's reign.

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The Victorian Era in Canada: A Time of Change and Progress (1837-1901) Canada transformed from scattered British colonies into a united country during Queen Victoria's 63-year reign. The population grew from 1 million to 5.5 million. New inventions changed how people lived. Introduction to the Vict...

The Victorian Era in Canada: A Time of Change and Progress (1837-1901) Canada transformed from scattered British colonies into a united country during Queen Victoria's 63-year reign. The population grew from 1 million to 5.5 million. New inventions changed how people lived. Introduction to the Victorian Era 1837 1 Queen Victoria ascends to the throne at 18 years old. Mid-1800s 2 Cities grow as people move from farms to factories. 1901 3 Queen Victoria's reign ends after 63 years. British Influence on Canadian Society Fashion Politics Culture Victorian styles dominated Canadian British governmental systems shaped British customs influenced daily life in clothing trends. Canadian politics. Canada. Political Landscape: Pre-Confederation British Colonies Canada divided into colonies with governors appointed by Britain. People had little control over how they were governed Rebellions of 1837-38 Uprisings in Upper and Lower Canada demand change. Act of Union 1840 Upper and Lower Canada united into the Province of Canada. A ‘single colony’. People wanted more independence Lord Durham's Investigation Investigation Lord Durham investigated the causes of the rebellions. Recommendation He suggested joining the colonies together. Impact His report influenced the path to Confederation. The Birth of a Nation 1 1867 First Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald led the new Confederation Year nation. Canada officially became a country on July 1st. 4 Original Provinces Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia joined first. Challenges of the New Nation Railway Promise British Ties Indigenous Exclusion Macdonald promised to build a Canada remained part of the British Indigenous peoples were not railway connecting all of Canada. Empire, with limited independence. consulted about Confederation and most of their experiences were ignored. Reflection on the Victorian Era Rapid Change Nation Building The Victorian era brought This period saw Canada significant social and transform from colonies to a technological changes to united country. Canada. Question? If you were designing a new country, what would your top priorities be? Canada's Transformation: From Laurier to Industrial Revolution Explore Canada's journey through Sir Wilfrid Laurier's era and the Industrial Revolution. Discover how these periods shaped the nation's politics, economy, and society. Sir Wilfrid Laurier: Canada's Unifying Force First French-Canadian "Silver-tongued "Sunny Ways" Prime Minister Laurier" Approach Represented unity between Known for excellent speaking Used compromise to solve French and English Canada. He skills in both languages. conflicts and balance interests. was the 7th prime minister. Laurier's Major Achievements New Provinces 1 Created Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905. Western Settlement 2 Encouraged immigration to settle western Canada. National Transcontinental 3 Railway Started construction to connect the country. Balancing Act 4 Balanced between French and English speakers Balanced being our own country and under British rule “Let me tell you, my fellow countrymen, that the twentieth century shall be the century of Canada and of Canadian development. For the next seventy-five years, nay for the next hundred years, Canada shall be the star towards which all men who love progress and freedom shall come” – Wilfred Laurier, Toronto Globe, October 15th, 1904 Why would having a French-Canadian Prime Minister important for Canada’s unity? Economic Boom Under Laurier Wheat Exports Manufacturing Population Surge Increased dramatically during this Growth Grew by 3 million during Laurier's period. Cities saw significant industrial leadership. expansion. Industrial Revolution Transforms Canada Factory Changes Transportation Revolution Steam power replaced water wheels. Mass production Steam locomotives connected cities. Canals improved for began. New machines made goods faster and cheaper. shipping. First automobiles appeared. Working Conditions in Industrial Canada Long Hours Child Labor 12-14 hour workdays were Children as young as 6 worked common in factories. in factories. Safety Concerns Low Wages No safety regulations existed Men earned $1-$2 per day, for workers. less for women and children. New Inventions in Daily Life Electric Lights Telephones Indoor Plumbing Replaced gas lamps in homes and Connected homes and businesses for Became common in wealthy homes. streets. the first time. More….Inventions in Victorian Era Social Classes in Industrial Canada Upper Class Wealthy business owners and politicians in Victorian 1 mansions. Middle Class 2 Professionals living comfortably, aspiring to upper-class lifestyle. Working Class 3 Factory workers and laborers in crowded, poor conditions. Urban Life in Victorian Cities Explore the challenges and improvements of city living during the Victorian era. From overcrowded housing to entertainment options, discover how urban life evolved. Rapid City Growth Challenges Overcrowded Housing Sanitation Issues Multiple families shared small No garbage collection and houses, leading to cramped open sewers in streets living conditions. caused health hazards. Disease Spread Poor sanitation and overcrowding led to rapid spread of diseases. Living Conditions No Running Water Outdoor Toilets Most homes lacked indoor Sanitation facilities were often plumbing, relying on outdoor located outside the main living water sources. areas. Coal Heating Coal-based heating left everything covered in soot, affecting air quality. City Improvements Sewage Systems 1 First sewage systems were built to improve sanitation. Public Water Pumps 2 Installation of public water pumps improved access to clean water. Gas Street Lighting 3 Gas lamps illuminated streets, enhancing safety and nighttime activities. Horse-drawn 4 Streetcars Introduction of streetcars improved urban transportation. Entertainment in Victorian Cities Penny Theaters Public Parks Affordable entertainment venues for the working class. Green spaces for leisure and recreation in urban areas. Sports Matches Music Halls Popular events that brought communities together. Venues for variety shows and musical performances. What would be some of the biggest challenges of living in a Victorian city at this time? Rural Life and Farming Daily Schedule Women's Tasks Men's Tasks 4:30 AM: Wake up, feed animals Cooking, making butter and cheese, Plowing fields, harvesting crops, 6:00 AM: Breakfast preserving food, making clothes repairing equipment, building 7:00 AM - Sunset: Farm work structures Women's Lives and Rights Legal Status 1 Limited property and voting rights Education 2 Focus on household skills, limited higher education Fashion and Beauty 3 Tight corsets, long dresses, pale skin ideal Women's Movement 4 Fighting for voting and property rights Education and Literacy School Life One-room schoolhouses, strict discipline, basic subjects taught Teaching Methods Memorization, recitation, slate boards for writing Challenges Rural attendance issues, child labor, limited resources Higher Education Mostly for wealthy boys, some women's colleges opened Victorian Era Canada: A Journey Through Time Explore the fascinating world of 19th century Canada. From technological marvels to social etiquette, we'll uncover the rich tapestry of Victorian life. Technology and Innovation Telegraph (1847) 1 First instant communication. Changed business and news. Connected cities. Cost: 25¢ per word. Transportation 2 Revolution Trains reduced Toronto to Montreal travel from 2 weeks to 14 hours. Bicycles and early automobiles appeared. Home Innovations 3 Indoor plumbing, gas lighting, ice boxes, sewing machines, and cast iron stoves improved daily life. Fashion and Social Etiquette Women's Fashion Men's Fashion Morning, afternoon, and evening dresses. Corsets, Dark suits, top hats, watch chains, and walking sticks were petticoats, gloves, and parasols were essential. standard for gentlemen. Social Rules and Etiquette Public Behavior Dining and Dancing No first names in public. Complex dinner etiquette. Women needed chaperones. No more than 2 dances with Strict calling card system. same partner. Space between couples. Courtship Always chaperoned. Letters needed approval. Strict speaking rules. Long engagements. Healthcare and Medicine Common Diseases Treatments Cholera, tuberculosis, typhoid Bloodletting, patent medicines, fever, smallpox, and diphtheria and home remedies like onion were prevalent. poultices were common. Medical Advances Germ theory, first vaccines, and anesthesia were introduced. First hospitals and public nurses were employed. Immigration and Settlement Free Land 1 160 acres in the West Settlement Process 2 Clear land, build home within 3 years Challenges 3 Harsh climate, limited resources, isolation Cultural Impact 4 New languages, religions, foods, traditions Arts and Culture Literature Music and Popular authors: Charles Entertainment Dickens, Lucy Maud Parlor pianos, popular songs, Montgomery, Susanna theatre shows, circus visits, Moodie. Newspapers and and public lectures were magazines thrived. common. Visual Arts Portrait painting, photography studios, landscape artists, and decorative arts flourished. Economic Development Trade Natural Resources National Policy Main exports: timber, wheat, fish, Lumber industry boomed. Gold Protected Canadian industry with furs. Banking system grew. rushes and coal mining expanded. high import taxes and railway development. Legacy of the Victorian Era Political Physical Parliamentary system, federal Railway network, Victorian structure, and political parties architecture, and city layouts endure. remain. Social Education system, healthcare foundations, and multicultural basis persist.

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