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During Queen Victoria's reign, Canada transformed from scattered British ______ into a united country.
During Queen Victoria's reign, Canada transformed from scattered British ______ into a united country.
colonies
Public parks served as green spaces for ______ and recreation in urban areas.
Public parks served as green spaces for ______ and recreation in urban areas.
leisure
Sports matches were popular events that brought ______ together.
Sports matches were popular events that brought ______ together.
communities
Penny theaters were affordable entertainment venues for the ______ class.
Penny theaters were affordable entertainment venues for the ______ class.
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Music halls were venues for ______ shows and musical performances.
Music halls were venues for ______ shows and musical performances.
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The introduction of new ______ changed how people lived during the Victorian Era.
The introduction of new ______ changed how people lived during the Victorian Era.
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The telegraph, invented in 1847, provided the first instant ______.
The telegraph, invented in 1847, provided the first instant ______.
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Queen Victoria ascended to the throne at the age of ______ years old.
Queen Victoria ascended to the throne at the age of ______ years old.
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Trains reduced travel time from Toronto to Montreal from 2 weeks to 14 ______.
Trains reduced travel time from Toronto to Montreal from 2 weeks to 14 ______.
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Cities grew as people moved from farms to ______ in the mid-1800s.
Cities grew as people moved from farms to ______ in the mid-1800s.
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Indoor plumbing, gas lighting, and other innovations improved daily ______ in Victorian homes.
Indoor plumbing, gas lighting, and other innovations improved daily ______ in Victorian homes.
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The Victorian Era in Canada lasted for ______ years.
The Victorian Era in Canada lasted for ______ years.
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Victorian women faced ______ property and voting rights.
Victorian women faced ______ property and voting rights.
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Before Confederation, British governmental systems shaped Canadian ______.
Before Confederation, British governmental systems shaped Canadian ______.
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Canada was divided into ______ with governors appointed by Britain before Confederation.
Canada was divided into ______ with governors appointed by Britain before Confederation.
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The rebellions of 1837-38 in Upper and Lower Canada demanded ______.
The rebellions of 1837-38 in Upper and Lower Canada demanded ______.
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The Victorian era brought significant social and ______ changes to Canada.
The Victorian era brought significant social and ______ changes to Canada.
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This period saw Canada transform from colonies to a ______ country.
This period saw Canada transform from colonies to a ______ country.
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Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the 7th prime minister, represented ______ between French and English Canada.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the 7th prime minister, represented ______ between French and English Canada.
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Laurier was known for his excellent speaking skills in both ______.
Laurier was known for his excellent speaking skills in both ______.
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Laurier's approach, known as "Sunny Ways," used ______ to solve conflicts and balance interests.
Laurier's approach, known as "Sunny Ways," used ______ to solve conflicts and balance interests.
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Laurier's vision for Canada was that it would be the ______ towards which all men who love progress and freedom shall come.
Laurier's vision for Canada was that it would be the ______ towards which all men who love progress and freedom shall come.
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Wheat exports increased dramatically during this period, leading to a ______ boom.
Wheat exports increased dramatically during this period, leading to a ______ boom.
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During Laurier's leadership, the population surged, cities saw significant industrial ______, and transportation underwent a revolution.
During Laurier's leadership, the population surged, cities saw significant industrial ______, and transportation underwent a revolution.
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The ______ era was a time of significant industrial growth and social change in Canada.
The ______ era was a time of significant industrial growth and social change in Canada.
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Workers in factories during the Industrial Revolution faced long ______ of up to 14 hours per day.
Workers in factories during the Industrial Revolution faced long ______ of up to 14 hours per day.
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The lack of ______ regulations in factories led to unsafe working conditions for many laborers.
The lack of ______ regulations in factories led to unsafe working conditions for many laborers.
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Children as young as 6 years old were employed in ______ during the Industrial Revolution in Canada.
Children as young as 6 years old were employed in ______ during the Industrial Revolution in Canada.
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The introduction of ______ streetcars improved urban transportation in Victorian cities.
The introduction of ______ streetcars improved urban transportation in Victorian cities.
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The rapid growth of cities during the Victorian era led to overcrowded housing, with multiple families often sharing small ______.
The rapid growth of cities during the Victorian era led to overcrowded housing, with multiple families often sharing small ______.
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The lack of proper sanitation and overcrowding in Victorian cities contributed to the spread of ______, such as cholera and typhoid fever.
The lack of proper sanitation and overcrowding in Victorian cities contributed to the spread of ______, such as cholera and typhoid fever.
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In the 19th century, gentlemen often wore ______ suits, top hats, and walking sticks.
In the 19th century, gentlemen often wore ______ suits, top hats, and walking sticks.
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Wealthy Victorian families enjoyed the luxury of indoor ______ while most people relied on outdoor water sources.
Wealthy Victorian families enjoyed the luxury of indoor ______ while most people relied on outdoor water sources.
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Common diseases in the 19th century included cholera, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, ______, and diphtheria.
Common diseases in the 19th century included cholera, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, ______, and diphtheria.
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The ______ industry boomed in the 19th century, fueled by the demand for lumber.
The ______ industry boomed in the 19th century, fueled by the demand for lumber.
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Parlor pianos, popular songs, theatre shows, and circus visits were common forms of ______ in the 19th century.
Parlor pianos, popular songs, theatre shows, and circus visits were common forms of ______ in the 19th century.
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In the 19th century, women needed ______ to accompany them in public.
In the 19th century, women needed ______ to accompany them in public.
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One of the challenges faced by settlers in the West was the ______ climate.
One of the challenges faced by settlers in the West was the ______ climate.
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The Canadian government promoted national industry with ______ import taxes and railway development.
The Canadian government promoted national industry with ______ import taxes and railway development.
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Some common treatments in the 19th century included ______, patent medicines, and home remedies.
Some common treatments in the 19th century included ______, patent medicines, and home remedies.
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Study Notes
The Victorian Era in Canada (1837-1901)
- Canada transitioned from scattered British colonies to a unified country during Queen Victoria's reign.
- The population grew significantly, from 1 million to 5.5 million.
- Innovations impacted daily life.
Introduction to the Victorian Era
- Queen Victoria ascended to the throne at 18 years old in 1837.
- The mid-1800s saw rapid urbanization, with people migrating from farms to factories.
- Queen Victoria's reign concluded in 1901, lasting 63 years.
British Influence on Canadian Society
- Victorian fashion styles dominated clothing trends.
- British governmental systems shaped Canadian politics.
- British customs influenced daily life.
Political Landscape: Pre-Confederation
- Canada was divided into colonies governed by Britain.
- Colonists had limited control.
- Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada (1837-38) demanded change.
- The Act of Union (1840) united Upper and Lower Canada into a single colony.
Lord Durham's Investigation
- Lord Durham investigated the causes of the rebellions.
- He recommended uniting the colonies.
- His report influenced the path towards Confederation.
The Birth of a Nation (1867)
- Canada officially became a country on July 1st, 1867.
- Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia joined first.
- Sir John A. Macdonald served as the first Prime Minister.
Challenges of the New Nation
- Macdonald promised a transcontinental railway.
- Canada remained part of the British Empire with limited independence.
- Indigenous people were not consulted about Confederation and their experiences were largely ignored.
Reflection on the Victorian Era
- The Victorian era brought significant social and technological changes to Canada.
- This period saw Canada transform from colonies to a unified nation.
- The question posed regarding designing a new country highlights the need for consideration of priorities.
Canada's Transformation: From Laurier to Industrial Revolution
- This section explores Canada's journey through Sir Wilfrid Laurier's era and the Industrial Revolution.
- It delves into the impact these periods had on Canada's politics, economy, and society.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier: Canada's Unifying Force
- Sir Wilfrid Laurier was the first French-Canadian Prime Minister.
- He represented unity between French and English Canadians.
- He was the 7th Prime Minister.
- He was known for his exceptional speaking skills in both languages.
- He used compromise to solve conflicts and balance interests.
Laurier's Major Achievements
- He created Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905.
- He encouraged western settlement.
- He started construction of the Canadian National Transcontinental Railway.
- He balanced the interests of French and English speakers and Canadian autonomy within the British Empire.
Economic Boom Under Laurier
- Wheat exports increased substantially during this period.
- Canadian cities saw significant industrial expansion.
- The Canadian population grew by three million.
Industrial Revolution Transforms Canada
- Steam power replaced water wheels, leading to mass production.
- New machines improved the speed and reduced the cost of goods.
- Steam locomotives connected cities, canals were improved for shipping, and automobiles emerged.
Working Conditions in Industrial Canada
- Workdays were long (12–14 hours).
- Children worked in factories, as young as 6 years old.
- No safety regulations existed for workers.
- Wages were low, particularly for women and children.
New Inventions in Daily Life
- Electric lights replaced gas lamps in homes and streets.
- Telephones connected homes and businesses for the first time.
- Indoor plumbing became more commonplace in wealthier homes.
More... Inventions in Victorian Era
- New types of beverages such as Coca-Cola were popular.
Economic Development
- Canada's major exports included timber, wheat, fish, and furs.
- The banking system expanded during this era.
- Significant expansion of the lumber industry, gold rushes, and coal mining.
- National policies protected Canadian industries and supported railway development.
Legacy of the Victorian Era
- Canada's parliamentary system and political parties survived.
- Victorian architecture and railway networks persisted.
- Education, healthcare, and multiculturalism persevered.
Urban Life in Victorian Cities
- These cities faced overcrowding, sanitation issues, and health hazards.
- Improved sewer systems and water infrastructure were developed and city planning expanded to ease these hardships.
Rapid City Growth Challenges
- Overcrowded housing led to cramped living conditions.
- Poor sanitation and overcrowding contributed to rapid spreading disease.
- These issues required improved city planning and sewage systems.
Living Conditions
- Most homes lacked indoor plumbing. People relied on outdoor water sources.
- Sanitation facilities were often outside the main living areas.
- Coal-based heating left everything covered in soot, affecting air quality.
City Improvements
- Sewers and sewage systems were built to improve sanitation.
- Public water pumps improved clean water access.
- Gas street lighting enhanced safety and nighttime activities.
- Improved streetcars improved transportation.
Entertainment in Victorian Cities
- Penny theaters provided affordable entertainment.
- Sports matches and public parks provided spaces for leisure and recreation.
- Music halls provided variety shows and musical performances.
Rural Life and Farming
- The daily schedule for rural life revolved around farming activities.
- Women took on cooking, preserving food, and clothing tasks.
- Men managed plowing fields, harvesting, and repairs.
Women's Lives and Rights
- Women had limited legal rights and access to education and higher learning.
- Fashion emphasized tight corsets and long dresses.
- Women began fighting for voting and property rights.
Education and Literacy
- One-room schoolhouses emphasized discipline and basic subjects.
- Teaching methods revolved around memorization and recitation.
- Rural issues, child labor, and limited resources sometimes hindered education.
Technology and Innovation
- The telegraph revolutionized communication, connecting cities and changing business practices.
- Transportation improvements, such as railroads, bicycles, and early automobiles, reduced travel times.
- Innovations in home life included indoor plumbing, gas lighting, ice boxes, and sewing machines.
Fashion and Social Etiquette
- Women's fashion included dresses, corsets, petticoats, gloves, and parasols.
- Men's fashion included dark suits, top hats, and accessories.
- Social etiquette dictated behavior in public places, during dining, and courtship.
Social Rules and Etiquette
- First names were not used in public.
- Women needed chaperones.
- A calling card system dictated social visits and meetings.
Healthcare and Medicine
- Common diseases included cholera, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, smallpox, and diphtheria.
- Treatment involved bloodletting and home remedies like onion poultices.
- Advances in medical practices included germ theory, vaccines, anesthesia, and hospitals.
Immigration and Settlement
- 160 acres of free land were offered in the west.
- Settlement often happened quickly, with families attempting to build homes within 3 years.
- Harsh climates, limited resources, and isolation presented challenges.
Arts and Culture
- Popular authors such as Charles Dickens were prominent.
- The widespread availability of newspapers and magazines increased literacy rates.
- New forms of visual arts, such as portrait painting, photography, and decorative arts, thrived.
Immigration and Settlement
- This section covers the aspects of immigration and settlement during the Victorian era.
Economic Development
- The factors driving economic development are discussed, including trade, natural resources, and national policy.
Visual Arts
- Visual arts thrived.
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Description
Explore the transformative period of the Victorian Era in Canada, highlighting its evolution from scattered colonies to a unified nation under Queen Victoria's reign. Learn about the immense population growth, urbanization, and the British influence on Canadian society, politics, and daily life.
