VCE Notes PDF

1.1 Cells are the basic structural units of life ➔​ Cell theory: 1.​ Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life 2.​ Cells are produced from pre existing cells 3.​ Living cells only come from living cells Multicellular...

1.1 Cells are the basic structural units of life ➔​ Cell theory: 1.​ Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life 2.​ Cells are produced from pre existing cells 3.​ Living cells only come from living cells Multicellular Unicellular ​ +1 cell ​ 1 cell ​ More efficient → more cells to do ​ Less efficient more jobs = division of labour ​ Death of cell not death of organism ​ Death of cell= death of organism Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Both ​ Less developed, older ​ More developed ​ Plasma membrane ​ No true nucleus, no MBO ​ Possess MBO, have a true ​ Can have Cell wall ​ ALWAYS unicellular nucleus, but possess can ​ Ribosomes ​ Bacteria, Archaebacteria (2 possess organelles with no ​ Cytoplasm more) membrane ​ DNA ​ Single, circular ​ Plants, animals, fungi, chromosomes protista ○​ In cytoplasm ​ Multiple, linear (nucleoid) and as chromosomes plasmids (extra) ○​ In nucleus ​ Binary fission for ○​ No plasmids reproduction ​ Complex reproduction ​ Smaller (meiosis and mitosis) ​ Larger 1.2 Size and shape of cells ➔​ Large SA:V ratio because a cell has to supply its contents with metabolic requirements and get rid of waste at a rate which assures survival ◆​ Things need to leave and come at a good speed, if the distance (volume) is too much, volume cant be sustained for ➔​ SA:V growth not proportionate (V is faster) ➔​ Algal cells can get bigger (bypass system) when vacuole grows huge and pushes active cytoplasm to edge ​ Distance materials need to diffuse=less ​ Active volume is less=required exchange is less ➔​ Some cells have features for greater SA:V ratio, like root hairs or bumpy villi