Science 10 Final Part 2 Review - Biology - The Cell PDF

**[Science 10 Final Part 2 Review]** **[BIOLOGY - The Cell (page 227)]** The smallest functional unit of life & all living things are composed of cells All Cells: Need energy Produce wastes Respond and adapt to their environment Reproduce Grow Development of Cell Theory [The Cel...

**[Science 10 Final Part 2 Review]** **[BIOLOGY - The Cell (page 227)]** The smallest functional unit of life & all living things are composed of cells All Cells: Need energy Produce wastes Respond and adapt to their environment Reproduce Grow Development of Cell Theory [The Cell Theory] ============================= - All organisms are composed of one or more cells. ------------------------------------------------ - The cell is the smallest function unit of life. ----------------------------------------------- - All cells are produced from other cells. ---------------------------------------- [Types of Cells] ============================ All living things are composed of one of two types of cells: ------------------------------------------------------------ *Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic* -------------------------- [Prokaryotic Cells] =============================== - No organized nucleus-genetic material in the cytoplasm ------------------------------------------------------ - Chromosome may be in a circular shape called a plasmid ------------------------------------------------------ - No organized organelles except for ribosomes (for making protein) ----------------------------------------------------------------- - Smaller than eukaryotic cells ----------------------------- - Oldest known form of life ------------------------- [Eukaryotic Cells] ============================== - Organized nucleus & Organized organelles (in membrane) ------------------------------------------------------ - Two types Plant vs. Animals ------------------------------------------------- 1) Only plant cells contain chloroplasts ---------------------------------------- 2) LARGE central vacuole & contain a cell wall ---------------------------------------------- [ **ANIMAL Cells**] ------------------------------- Only animal cells contain lysosomes & Animal cells have centrioles Organelles Structure & Function - You must know all the organelles and their function. Refer to page **279 & 281 in your text** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **[\ The Microscope (Section 7.2 & 508 -- 510 in text)]** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | TRANSMISSION | TRANSMISSION | SCANNING | | | LIGHT | ELECTRON | ELECTRON | | | MICROSCOPE | MICROSCOPE | MICROSCOPE | | | | (TEM) | (SEM) | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | GREATEST | 1 000 | 100 000 | 20 000 | | MAGNIFICATION | | | | | | | (to 1 million) | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | IMAGE PRODUCED | light passing | electrons | electrons | | BY | through the | passing through | reflected from | | | material | the material | the material | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | FOCUSING DONE | ground glass | electromagnets | electromagnets | | BY | lenses | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | IMAGE PRODUCED | retina in the | monitor | monitor | | ON | eye/monitor | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | QUALITY OF | colour, | black & white, | black & white, | | IMAGE PRODUCED | two-dimensional | two-dimensional | three-dimension | | | , | , | al, | | | internal | internal | surface detail, | | | structure, low | structure, high | high resolving | | | resolving power | resolving power | power | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | ADVANTAGES | colour image, | very great | great | | | living material | magnification, | magnification, | | | can be viewed | details of | images can be | | | | internal | easily | | | | structure | understood | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DISADVANTAGES | low | material must | material must | | | magnification, | be dead | be dried (dead) | | | 2-dimensional | (dried), image | | | | image | difficult to | | | | | interpret | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+  1. Convert the following to the indicated units: --------------- ------------------- **250 μm** **0.250 mm.** **0.0018 μm** **0.0000018 mm.** **0.0087 mm** **8.7 μm.** **3456.7 mm** **3456700 μm.** **56.4 mm** **56400 μm.** **0.1111 μm** **0.0001111 mm.** **23.4 mm** **23400 μm.** **0.1023 μm** **0.0001023 mm.** **22 500 μm** **22.5 mm.** **13 μm** **0.013 mm.** --------------- ------------------- 2. Fill in the values for the missing magnifications. -------- ----------- ------- Ocular Objective Total 1x 4.5x 4.5x 10x 4x 40x 3x 5x 15x 10x 225x 2250x 40x 600x 2x 5x 10x 10x 100x 1000x 5x 10x 50x 2x 20x 40x -------- ----------- ------- 3. At 40x the field of view is measured to be 0.55 mm. What would the FOV be at 300x? Give your answer in μm. (73μm) 4. Name the of the cell structure that fits the statement. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. Label the following Diagram Anatomy of the Animal Cell 5. Estimate the length of the following organisms given that the FOV is = 500 μm. 6. Define the following terms: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. 7. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in the chloroplast of a plant cell. 8. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in the mitochondria of a cell. 9. What would happen to an animal cell that is placed in a : a. hypotonic solution? b. hypertonic solution c. isotonic solution 10. Discuss what would occur if plants had no hormones called auxins. Include the effects from gravity, the sun and from water. 11. What are the specialized cells that move water from the roots to the leaves of a plant? A. phloem tissue cells B. xylem tissue cells \* C. water pump cells D. water tubules 12. The transport of water up the plant is aided by root pressure. How is this pressure created? E. The weight of the surrounding dirt on the roots of the plant. F. Root pressure is created when water flows into the root system, trying to dilute the solutes inside. \* G. Tiny pump cells within the roots create this pressure. H. The cambium of the root creates this pressure. 13. Many plants have adaptations to help them survive in certain climates. The cactus is one such plant. Its leaves have been modified into spines in an effort to: I. increase the amount of surface area for photosynthesis. J. reduce the amount of shade produced by the plant. K. reduce the amount of water lost by transpiration. \* L. increase the surface area for dew to collect. 14. One major difference between xylem cells and phloem cells is: M. Xylem cells are very square in shape while phloem cells are not. N. Phloem cells are covered in tiny hair-like projections to increase absorption while xylem cells are not. O. Phloem cells are dead while xylem cells are alive. P. Xylem cells are dead while phloem cells are alive. \* 15. Water has two special properties that make it possible for plants to transport water up great distances within their vascular tissues. One property is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which is a tendency of water molecules to stick to each other, and the other is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which is a tendency for water molecules to stick to other surfaces. Q. cohesion, adhesion\* R. cohesion, attraction S. adhesion, cohesion T. adhesion, attraction 16. A number of processes and forces are necessary for moving water and nutrients from the soil around the plant to the leaves. In order, these processes are: U. adhesion/cohesion, osmosis/diffusion, transpiration V. adhesion/cohesion, transpiration, osmosis/diffusion W. osmosis/diffusion, adhesion/cohesion, transpiration\* X. osmosis/diffusion, transpiration, adhesion/cohesion 17. Why do trees that have their outer bark and xylem damaged quite often die? Y. They are no longer able to move food from the leaves to the roots of the plant, and once the roots die, the plant dies. \* Z. They are no longer able to move water from the roots to the leaves, and once the leaves die, the plant dies. A. The damaged area allows disease to get into the tree and kill it. B. The tree dries out as a result of the damaged area. 18. Plants are able to respond to stimuli from around them. What are these responses called? C. reactions D. tropisms\* E. controls F. auxins 19. In 1880, Charles Darwin and his son devised an experiment in which they used oat seedlings. They set up four treatment groups of developing seedlings. In the first group, they removed the tip, in the second, they covered the tip with foil, in the third, they covered the base of each seedling with foil, and they left the fourth group untouched. What were they trying to test? G. phototropism\* H. gravitropism I. oilotropism J. nastic response 20. There are many reasons that a plant might need to be able to sense where \"up\" is. Which of the following is NOT one of the potential reasons? K. to make the developing seed grow in the correct direction L. to make the plant out compete neighbouring plants for sunlight M. to ensure that the plant transports water in the correct direction\* N. to make the roots grow in the correct direction 21. In the early 1900s, a Dutch researcher named Frits Went confirmed that there was a chemical produced in the stem tips of growing seedlings that stimulated growth. He named this chemical: O. SGH (seedling growth hormone) P. GH (growth hormone) Q. agar R. auxin\* Color the following structures. Then create a legend matching the color to the structures name. - Xylem - Chloroplast - Nucleus - Vacuole - Cytoplasm - Phloem - Cuticle - Epidermis - Palisade Tissue - Spongy Tissue - Stoma - Guard cell - Cell wall  **Physics Final Review** 1. The number 10.060 contains how many significant digits? a. b. 3 c. 4 d. 5**☺** e. 6 2. The value of 1275 written correctly as two significant digits would be f. g. 12 h. 13 i. 1.2 x 10^3^ j. 1.3 x 10^3^**☺** 3. The symbol ∆ (delta) means that you must k. multiply two values l. divide one value by another m. subtract to find the difference between two values**☺** n. add to find the sum of two values 4. Which of the following quantities is a scalar quantity? o. speed**☺** p. velocity q. acceleration r. displacement 5. Which of the following quantities is a vector quantity? s. time interval t. distance u. work v. velocity**☺** 6. Which statement correctly describes the relationship between distance and displacement between two specific points? w. Distance is always equal to the magnitude of the displacement. x. Distance is always greater than the magnitude of the displacement. y. Distance is never equal to the magnitude of the displacement. z. Distance is sometimes equal to the magnitude of the displacement**☺**. 7. Which quantity depends on the path that is taken between two points? a. distance**☺** b. displacement c. velocity d. acceleration *Use the information below to answer the following question* Numerical Response 1 The distance Galileo travelled in one minute at a speed of 39 m/s, expressed in scientific notation, is ***b*** x 10 *^w^* m. The value of ***b*** is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_m.**2.34x10^3^** *(Round and record your answer to three digits)* *\ Use the following graph to answer the next two questions* 8. [\[CHART\]]{.chart}From t=1 s until t=2 s, the car is e. stopped f. accelerating uniformly g. negatively accelerating uniformly h. travelling at uniform speed**☺** 9. The distance that the car travelled from t =0 s to 1 s and from t = 1 s to 2s are, respectively, i. 5.0 m and 0 m j. 5.0 m and 10.0 m**☺** k. 10.0 m and 5.0 m l. 10.0 m and 10.0 m Numerical Response 2 If Gretzky shoots the puck at a speed of 90 km/h from the top of the offensive face-off circle 15 m from the net, how long will the puck take to reach the net? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ s **0.60** *(Round and record your answer to two significant digits)* *Use the following information to answer the next two questions* 10. Moving at maximum speed, what is the shortest time it would take a Sun Spider to run between two fig trees that are 3.6 m apart? m. 0.23 s n. 14 s o. 1.5 s p. 0.81 s**☺** *\ Use the following information to answer the next question.* 11. Which velocity-time graph describes the same motion as the displacement-time graph shown above? -------- ------------------------ **A.** **B. ☺**  **C.** **D.**  -------- ------------------------ 12. Which statement about a graph of position versus time is **not** true? q. A horizontal line indicates that the object was standing still. r. A downward slope of a straight line indicates that the object was slowing down**☺**. s. An upward slope of a straight line indicates that the object was moving at a constant velocity. t. An upward curving line (a changing slope) indicates that the object was accelerating. 13. What force is needed to lift a 4.54 kg bag of sugar at constant speed? u. 4.54 N v. 44.5 N**☺** w. 0.463 N x. The force cannot be calculated unless you know the distance the sugar is lifted. 14. The weight of an object is y. the same as its mass z. the force of gravity acting on its mass**☺** a. not related to its mass b. any force acting on its mass Numerical Response 3 Imagine that you carry a box of books, weighing 67.8 N, up a flight of stairs. If each step is 15.0 cm high, and there are 22.0 steps in the flight of stairs, how much work do you do on the box of books? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ J**224** *(Round and record your answer to three significant digits)* 15. According to the formula for kinetic energy, what combination of units is the same as a joule? \[Hint: consider what you use to calculate potential energy\] **A** http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0070890862/141729/SF10\_Ch05\_Q7d.jpg **C.**  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- **B☺.** **D.**  16. When you **[throw]** a ball into the air and it reaches its maximum height c. the ball would contain only kinetic energy d. the ball would contain half potential and half kinetic energy e. the ball would be moving at it maximum velocity f. the ball would contain all potential energy**☺** 17. A soccer goalie catches and holds the fast-moving ball. What happens to the kinetic energy of the ball? g. Kinetic energy stays the same because energy is conserved. h. Kinetic energy is destroyed because the ball stops moving. i. Kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy. **☺** j. Kinetic energy is transformed into heat. 18. How can you increase the kinetic energy of a person moving on a playground swing? k. Push in the same direction as the swing is moving. **☺** l. Push in the direction opposite to the motion of the swing. m. Push sideways to change the direction the swing is moving. n. Kinetic energy cannot be increased because energy is conserved. *\ Use the following information to answer the next three questions* 19. A bobsled including its riders, has a mass of 250 kg, how much potential energy doe the bobsled have as it is about to start its run? o. p. 297 MJ**☺** q. 297 kJ r. 29.7 MJ s. 297 J 20. If all the potential energy from the bobsled is converted into kinetic energy as the bobsled speeds past the finish line, what is the bobsled's velocity? t. u. 2374.0 m/s v. 97.4 m/s w. 48.7 m/s**☺** x. 1187.0 m/s 21. Although this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, some potential energy is y. Evaporated into the atmosphere z. Converted to mass a. Conserved as potential energy b. Lost through friction**☺** 22. A race car races a 100 m sprint track at an average speed of 9.50 m/s. If the car\'s kinetic energy is 9.40 x 10^3^J what is its mass? c. 1.98 x 10^3^ m/s d. 208 kg**☺** e. 104 kg f. 52.1 kg 23. Which statement about the relationship between work and kinetic energy is **not** true? g. When a force does work on an object, the object might gain kinetic energy. h. When a force does work on an object, the object might lose kinetic energy. i. When a force does work on an object, the object always gains kinetic energy. **☺** j. When a force does work on an object, the object might have no change in its kinetic energy. 24. Which statement about the motion of a pendulum is *not* true? k. All the energy is gravitational potential energy at the top of the swing. l. All the energy is gravitational potential energy at the bottom of the swing. **☺** m. All the energy is kinetic energy at the bottom of the swing. n. The energy is partly gravitational potential energy and partly kinetic energy between the top and bottom of the swing. 25. The useful output energy of a motor is o. sound p. heat q. light r. kinetic energy**☺** *Use the following information to answer the next 2 questions.* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Electric motors are between 50% and 90% efficient at converting electrical energy to useful energy, which causes the motion of the motor shaft. Suppose that a particular motor is measured to be 73% efficient. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26. The motor described above is 73% efficient. What does this mean? s. 73% of the input energy is wasted. t. 73% of the input energy is converted to heat. u. 73% of the input energy is converted to kinetic energy. **☺** v. 73% of the input energy is **not** converted to some other form. 27. For every 100 J of input energy supplied to the motor, how much energy is wasted? w. x. 27 J**☺** y. 46 J z. 73 J a. 100 J b. *Use the following information to answer the next question*. 28. The process of photosynthesis results in an increase in c. kinetic energy d. potential energy**☺** e. light energy f. thermal energy Numerical Response 4 Approximately 4.2 X 10^4^ kJ of energy from sunlight strikes the leaves of a plant in one day. Of this energy 4 200 kJ is converted into useful energy by the plant. The efficiency of photosynthesis in this plant is \_\_\_\_\_ % **10** *(Round and record your answer correct to two significant digits)* **Part II Matching:** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Match each of the following | | | descriptions to the correct | | | quantity. You may use each answer | | | once, more than once, or not at | | | all. | | +===================================+===================================+ | 18. \_\_\_\_ any form of stored | A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I | | energy **M** |. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. | | | R. | | 19. \_\_\_\_ change in velocity | | | during a unit time interval | | | **A** | | | | | | 20. \_\_\_\_ describes size and | | | direction **P** | | | | | | 21. \_\_\_\_ describes size but | | | not direction **N** | | | | | | 22. \_\_\_\_ difference between | | | two times **I** | | | | | | 23. \_\_\_\_ displacement in a | | | unit time (for example, one | | | second or one hour) **Q** | | | | | | 24. \_\_\_\_ distance traveled in | | | a unit time (for example, one | | | second or one hour) **O** | | | | | | 25. \_\_\_\_ energy stored in a | | | material that is bent, | | | compressed, or stretched and | | | will return to its original | | | shape when released. **F** | | | | | | 26. \_\_\_\_ energy stored in the | | | bonds which hold atoms, ions, | | | and molecules together **B** | | | | | | 27. \_\_\_\_ energy stored in the | | | inner core of an atom **K** | | | | | | 28. \_\_\_\_ length of a path | | | from one point to another | | | **E** | | | | | | 29. \_\_\_\_ location relative to | | | a particular reference point | | | **L** | | | | | | 30. \_\_\_\_ size or amount **J** | | | | | | 31. \_\_\_\_ stored energy | | | associated with the force of | | | gravity between two objects | | | **H** | | | | | | 32. \_\_\_\_ straight line | | | distance and direction from | | | one point to another **D** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Part III Long Answer:** A jackrabbit can reach a velocity of +18.5 m/s from a resting position in 1.25 s. What is the rabbit's acceleration? **14.8 m/s** While riding up a chair lift, a 54.8 kg skier gains 4.22 × 10^5^ J of gravitational potential energy. The top of the ski lift is what vertical distance above its base? **785m** In a toy, a 92.4 g ball rolls into a spring and compresses the spring. If the ball is rolling at 4.28 m/s when it collides with the spring and, at maximum compression, the spring is storing 0.560 J of elastic potential energy, with what efficiency is the ball's kinetic energy converted into elastic potential energy of the spring? **66.2%** Fill in the following chart, the first example is done for you: +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Graph Sketch | Calculations obtained | | | | from graph | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Distance vs. Time | | Slope of graph = | | (uniform motion) | | velocity | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Distance vs. Time | | **Slope of graph = | | | | velocity** | | (at rest) | | | | | | **Slope = 0** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Velocity vs. Time | | **Area under graph = | | | | distance** | | (uniform velocity) | | | | | | **A=bh** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Velocity vs. Time | | **Area under graph = | | | | distance** | | (positive | | | | acceleration) | | **A=1/2bh** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ Answer Key: 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. D +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Graph Sketch | Calculations obtained | | | | from graph | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Distance vs. Time | | Slope of graph = | | (uniform motion) | | velocity | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Distance vs. Time | | **Slope of graph = | | | | velocity** | | (at rest) | | | | | | **Slope = 0** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Velocity vs. Time | | **Area under graph = | | | | distance** | | (uniform velocity) | | | | | | **A=bh** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Velocity vs. Time | | **Area under graph = | | | | distance** | | (positive | | | | acceleration) | | **A=1/2bh** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 18. M 19. A 20. P 21. N 22. I 23. Q 24. O 25. F 26. B 27. K 28. E 29. L 30. J 31. H 32. D PART III: 1. 14.8 m/s^2^ 2. 785 m 3. 66.2%