CPAR

Art – a range of human activities that produce freestyle, and societal aspect as the major visual, auditory, or performed artwork emphasis. ​ Exhibits the author's inventive or technical ​ Contemporary Art - depicts and mediates talent...

Art – a range of human activities that produce freestyle, and societal aspect as the major visual, auditory, or performed artwork emphasis. ​ Exhibits the author's inventive or technical ​ Contemporary Art - depicts and mediates talent societal situations with human aspirations. ​ Intended to be admired for their beauty, ​ In which continuously in process and in meaning, and emotional force. flux Art is a medium for communication Function of Art: Contemporary Philippine Art ​ Expressive culture: It is a way to express ​ Used to represent the Filipino sense of self societal aesthetics such as values, ideas etc. ​ Used to express themselves through sensory experiences such as dance, music, literature, visual media, and theater. ​ Showcases the Filipino way of life. ​ Artists have utilized the arts to communicate Pre-Colonial Period their emotions, thoughts, and aspirations. Feature: Art is utilitarian, it is used on their every ​ Every work of art represents the artist as day activity such as fishing, farming, religious well as the society to which the artist gathering, etc. belongs. ​ Art had social utility; indigenous people Neoclassicism – an art movement that draw integrated art into their communal inspirations from the “classical” art and culture of ceremonies. ancient Greece and Rome. ​ Planting and harvesting, weddings, funerals, Modernism – art movement that departs from and rites of passage are examples of traditional forms of art, it has a tendency to communal ceremonies. abstraction, is innovative, aesthetic, futuristic and self-referential. EXAMPLES OF PRE-COLONIAL ART Postmodernism – refers to an art idea which ​ Kashawing – a ritual prayer for rejects the authority of any single style or abundance during harvesting season, it definition of what art should be. involves a reenactment of a legendary pact between ancestors and spirits of lake Lanao. Modern Art – an era spans from the late 19th and early 20th century, from 1880 to the 1960s. ​ Pagdiwata – a ritual to drive away harmful spirits by whisking coconut leaves, it ​ Victorio Edades, Hernando Ocampo & includes drinking of rice wine using bamboo Carlos “Botong” Francisco - “triumvirate straws from stoneware jars. of Philippine Modern Art”. ​ Banog-banog or Binaylan Banog - a ​ They rivaled the Neoclassic artists in which Higaonon and Agusanon Manobo tribal Fernando Amorsolo was widely known. dance that depicts the movement of a hen, her banog or baby chicks and a hawk that Contemporary art - refers to works made after the lurks to find her prey. 1960s by still-living artists. ​ Man-Manok - a dance that dramatizes ​ Contemporary Art is more about three roosters from the Bago Tribe who experimentation and freedom. compete against one another to be able to ​ Modern Art is an expression of personality, get the attention of a hen. whereas Contemporary Art focuses on  ​ Okir – a Maranaoan artistic design which ​ Third level - storage area and a structural orginates before the Islamization of the support to the roof. area. Spanish Colonial Period Believed to have originated from okil or Main Feature: The Spaniards used art as a tool to okil-okil decorative carving traditions of Sama propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful (Badjao) people. images. It is often used in ritual animistic objects, grave ​ Indigenous arts which were done in a markers, containers, and houseboats. communal spirit and community settings Bul-ul or Tinagtaggu - a carved wooden figure were replaced. used to guard the rice crop by the Ifugao’s of ​ The Catholic church, particularly the friars, northern Luzon. became the “patron of the arts”. ​ It is a highly stylized representations of ​ With communication as problem, the friars ancestors and are thought to gain power used images to explain Catholicism. from the presence of the ancestral spirit EXAMPLES OF SPANISH COLONIAL ART Manunggul Jar - a secondary burial jar used to store the bones of someone who was Via Crusis - a series of 14 paintings or relief previously buried. sculptures depicting Jesus Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection. It is excavated from a Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves at Lipuun ​ The objective of the stations is to help the Point in Palawan, Philippines. Christian faithful to make a spiritual pilgrimage through contemplation of the The lid features a “spirit boat” or “ship of the Passion of Christ. dead” carrying two souls on a journey to the afterlife. ​ Trompe l’oeil (French for “fooling the eye.”) - refers to church paintings that give a Nipa Hut (Bahay Kubo) - is a type of stilt house heightened illusion of three-dimensionality. indigenous to the Philippines. ​ Pasyon - a Philippine epic narrative of the It is designed to endure the climate and environment life of Jesus Christ, focused on his Passion, of the Philippines. Death, and Resurrection The accessibility of its construction materials makes Kundiman – a unique musical form expressing it easier to rebuild when damaged. intense longing, caring, devotion and oneness with a Bale – a similar in architectural kubo design of the beloved or with a child, spiritual figure, motherland, Ifugao’s. ideal or cause. Its steeply pitched pyramidal roof is covered with ​ Theme: romantic, patriotic, religious, thick layers of thatch or cogon, insulating the mournful, consolation, a lullaby or a protest. house from the heat of the sun and the torrential ​ Its music is soulful and lofty, conveying rain. deep feelings of devotional love The Ifugao House have three functional levels: Balitao (Balitaw) - an improvised performance art ​ Ground level - leveling the post. technique of song and dance courting interaction between two lovers. ​ Second level - living quarters.  ​ Etymology: Spanish word "bailar," which Marian titles, or one of the personages of the Holy means "to dance," and the word "tao," Trinity. which means "people. ​ Santo statues are also commonly known as ​ Its music is used to conceal the intimate “rebulto”. feelings of courting which in turn, lessens ​ The earliest recorded santo in the the embarrassment associated with meeting Philippines is the Santo Niño de Cebu, a possible mates. baptismal gift given by Ferdinand Zarzuela (Sarsuwela) - a Spanish lyric-dramatic Magellan to Rajah Humabon's consort in play that alternates between spoken and sung 1521. scenes. Spanish Colonial Period ​ Its presentation in the beginning was held Feature: Use art as a tool to show the continuous before the social elite abuse by the colonial government and the friars. ​ It is considered as the Philippine version of ​ Native indios acquired economic wealth and the Italian Opera and the Japanese Kabuki. became the “ilustrados,” (meaning Comedia (Komedya) – a form of theater premised enlightened and educated). on battles between Christians and Moors. It is also ​ Ilustrados became the new patron of the arts, known as Moro-moro. it paved the way for the secularization of art ​ It was used by Spanish to evangelize and in 19th century. strengthen the faith of Indios to Christianity Noli me Tangere (1887) & El Filibusterismo ​ Story: The Christians will defeat the Moros (1891) - The two famous novels written by Dr. in a battle. The Muslim prince will be José P. Rizal. converted to Christian faith and will marry ​ It depicts the societal conditions of the the Christian princess at the end. Philippines during the Spanish Intramuros – a historic walled area within the city Colonization of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. ​ These novels later on indirectly became the ​ It served as the seat of the Spanish colonial inspiration of the revolution against Spanish government in the Philippines. colonization. ​ Intramuros is considered at the time of the Fernando C. Amorsolo (1892–1972) – a Spanish colonization to be the entire City of portraitist and painter of rural Philippine Manila. landscapes and one of the most important artists in the Philippines. Fort Santiago (Fuerte de Santiago) - a citadel built by Miguel López de Legazpi for the city of ​ A prominent of Neoclassicism in Philippine Manila during Spanish colonization. visual art (painting). ​ The defense fortress became the ​ Became a faculty member and a Dean of the headquarters for Spanish colonial military. U.P. School of Fine Arts from 1952 to 1955 ​ It became a formidable symbol of Spanish ​ Dubbed as “The Grand Old Man of power in the orient Philippine Art” Santo – a religious art forms consisting of wooden ​ The 1st Filipino who became National Artist or ivory statues that depict various saints, angels, (1972)  Victorio C. Edades (1895 – 1985) a Marcos Presidency Period Filipino painter who led the Thirteen Main Feature: Art is used to envisioned the Moderns, a postwar group of 13 modernist New Society or Bagong Lipunan, an ideal artists in the Philippines. of Filipino societal and cultural rebirth. ​ A prominent of Modernism in Philippine Bagong Pagsilang or Bagong Lipunan, visual art (painting). (March of the New Society) – a Filipino ​ Dubbed as “The Father of Modern song commissioned during the presidency of Philippine Painting” Ferdinand Marcos Sr. ​ He was named a National Artist in 1976. Cultural Center of the Philippines (Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas) - a culture and arts government owned and Kundiman during American Occupation controlled corporation. ​ Francisco Santiago (1889 – 1947) - hailed ​ CCP was established through EO No. 30 s. as The Father of Kundiman Art Song. 1966 by President Ferdinand Marcos. "Pilipinas Kong Mahal" is his famous ​ It is established to preserve, develop and kundiman piece with lyrics written by promote arts and culture in the Philippines. Ildefonso Santos. ​ The logo, derived from the Baybayin ​ Nicanor S. Abelardo (1893 – 1934) - a character Ka and styled based on a Filipino composer and a teacher also known Katipunan design. It represents for his kundiman songs. Katotohanan, Kagandahan at Kabutihan (Truth, Beauty and Goodness). His well known piece are U.P. Naming Mahal at Nasaan ka Irog. National Arts Center – a 13.5 hectare complex at the Makiling Forest Reservation Jose Corazon de Jesus - also known by his in Los Baños, Laguna. pen name Huseng Batute, was a Filipino poet known as the King of Balagtasan ​ Its flagship venue is the Tanghalang Maria Makiling, He is also best known for being the lyricist of the Filipino song Bayan Ko. ​ It is under the management of the Cultural Center of the Philippines Japanese Colonial Period Contemporary Period Feature: Art as an tool of anti-American propaganda, Filipino nationalism and Post EDSA period brought Philippine art Asianism. to new era of expression and experimentation. Post War Period ​ It can be characterized as anti-authoritarian, Feature: The rise of Modernism movement freelancer and less cohesiveness in Philippine art. ​ It is often mixing different artistic and ​ 13 Moderns – a group of modernist artist popular styles and media led by Victorio Edades, they championed the modernist art in the Philippines. ​ Altermodern – an art style that is against cultural standardization, massification, ​ They explored various mediums, nationalisms and cultural relativism. techniques and themes that were at that time considered “new” to the academic art.  ​ Two-dimensional art – works of art which ART PRINTS - a process of making an art are created on flat surfaces and can only be through pressing an inked carved image in observed in terms of height and width. a hard surface (known as a matrix) to a paper or another material to produce an ​ Three-dimensional art – art pieces which image. are presented in the dimensions of height, width, and depth, occupy physical space, WEAVING / TEXTILE - the process of and can be perceived from all sides crossing one group of threads, the weft, with a second group of threads, the warp, ​ Visual arts are a term used to describe a to make cloth. wide array of artistic disciplines that are appreciated primarily through the sense of JEWELRY MAKING - the process of sight. Visual arts include the different art creating ornamental pieces worn for forms and disciplines such as fine arts, personal decoration or adornment. decorative arts, and contemporary arts. FURNITURE MAKING - the process of FINE ARTS -This type of visual art is the creating ornamental pieces worn for artworks we commonly associate with art. personal decoration or adornment The term “fine arts” was first used to POTTERY - the process and the products describe the art forms created primarily for of forming vessels and other objects with its appearance rather than the practical clay and other ceramic materials, which are use. fired at high temperatures to give them a Decorative Arts - It is also known as hard and durable form. decorative crafts. These arts are artworks METAL CRAFTS - decorative works of art that are both aesthetically pleasing and made from metals like bronze, silver, gold, functional. During the Renaissance up until tin, copper, lead, brass. the twentieth century, many 3 artists in the West considered the decorative arts as a ASSEMBLAGE - a form of sculpture “lower” section of art. Makers of these composed of "found" objects arranged to artworks were not considered as artists but create an art piece rather as craftsmen. This attitude has gradually changed though there are some COLLAGE - a work of art in which pieces who still believe in the outdated distinction of paper, photographs, fabric, and other ephemera are arranged and stuck down DRAWING - a form of visual art in which onto a supporting surface. an artist uses instruments to mark paper or another two- dimensional surface. It is INSTALLATION ART - a large-scale, characterized by its emphasis on form or mixed- media art, often designed for a shape specific place or for a temporary period. PAINTING - a form of visual art in which DIGITAL ART - refers to art made using an artist applies paint, pigment, color or digital media, software, computers, or other other medium to a solid surface. It is electronic device characterized by its emphasis on mass and LAND ART - an art that is made directly in color. landscape, sculpting the land itself into SCULPTURE - an artistic form in which earthworks or making structures in the hard or plastic materials are worked into landscape using natural materials such as three-dimensional art objects rocks or twigs Music is defined as the manipulation of CONTEMPORARY DANCE - a style of sound and silence. It blends the different interpretive dance that embraces elements such as pitch, rhythm, dynamics, innovation, blending techniques from timbre, and texture to create sound. It is various genres, including classical ballet, performed by utilizing different instruments, jazz, modern dance, and lyrical vocal techniques, and styles. It can be Theater is a branch of performing arts that performed live or recorded and can be often involves the integration and prepared in advance or improvised. Music combination of the visual and performing comes in a variety of music genres. arts. It is defined as a fine art where ART MUSIC - also called classical music, actors/actresses perform experiences refers to a type of music considered to be of whether real or imagined in front of a live high phono aesthetic value. audience. The performers make use of gestures, music, song, dance, and, visual arts POPULAR MUSIC - music with wide to help communicate the story in front of an appeal that is typically distributed to large audience. audiences through the music industry MIME - a form of silent art that involves TRADITIONAL MUSIC - often called acting or communicating using only "folk songs," are music, which was movements, gestures, and facial express. developed in a common method, has survived from its creation to the current PUPPETRY - a form of theater or day, is popular and widely sung and recited performance that involves the in its region and by local people manipulation of puppets – inanimate objects, often resembling some type of CHORAL MUSIC - music sung by a choir human or animal figure, that are animated or with two or more voices assigned to each manipulated by a human part TRADITIONAL THEATER - a form of Dance is defined as regulated and dramatic performances that usually deliberate order of body movement. These combines acting, singing, dance and music, movements have aesthetic value and are dialogue, narration, or recitation. often performed accompanied with music. OPERA -a staged drama set to music in its BALLET - theatrical dance in which a entirety, made up of vocal pieces with formal academic dance technique is instrumental accompaniment and usually combined with other artistic elements such with orchestral overtures and interlude. as music, costume, and stage scenery MUSICAL THEATER - a form of dramatic IMPROVISATIONAL DANCE – a dance production combining acting, singing, and which highlights a process of creating dancing to tell a story. movement without pre- planning any steps or choreography INTEGRATIVE ART - a method that combines the performing arts with fine arts HIPHOP -a range of street dance styles to achieve the desired objective of learning primarily performed to hip hop music or. also known as rap music An example of contemporary artwork is MODERN DANCE - a highly expressive spoken word poetry. It is when poetry is style of dance that challenges the written to be read on a stage, usually in structured dance technique of classical intimate settings. ballet through freeform and fluid  INDIGENEOUS PEOPLE - The word What is a National Artist? “indigenous” comes from the Latin word A National Artist is a Filipino citizen who has “indigen” which means native or original been given the rank and title of National Artist in inhabitant—an idea that became popular in recognition of his or her significant contributions the 17th century. Thus, the most common to the development of Philippine arts and letters. understanding of the concept suggests that they are the original inhabitants of the land. According to the United Nations Permanent What is the Order of National Artist? Forum on Indigenous Issues, the term “indigenous” has been used continuously, Those who have been proclaimed National Artists whether as a form of collective names for are given a Grand Collar symbolizing their status. categorization or as representation to the The Order of National Artists (Orden ng Gawad legal issues in the corresponding state that Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is thus a rank, a governs them. They are most often title, and a wearable award that represents the mentioned as tribal people or ethnic groups highest national recognition given to Filipinos who or communities. have made distinct contributions in the field of Traditional / Indigenous art is art that is arts and letters. part of a culture of a certain group of The National Artist Award people, with skills and knowledge passed down through generations from masters to NCCA - National Commission for Culture and the apprentices. It is an art commonly made by Arts the indigenous people. It includes artworks CCP - Cultural Center of the Philippines that frequently uses raw materials such as extract from wood, plants, shells, etc. According to the rules of the National Commission on Culture and the Arts, The Order of Republic Law No. 8371, known as the National Artists should be conferred every three Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), was years. enacted in 1997. It has been praised for its support for the cultural integrity of Indigenous Peoples, the right to their lands The Legal Basis of the National Artists and the right to self-directed development of these lands. Presidential Proclamation No. 1001, s. 1972 - It created the Award and Decoration of National According to the National Commission Artist, “to give appropriate recognition and for Culture and Arts (NCCA), it is prestige to Filipinos who have distinguished important to showcase traditional art to themselves and made outstanding contributions to highlight our “cultural identity” as it is Philippine arts and letters.” essential to every society. “The art and culture of a people represent the sum total of Proclamation No. 1144, s. 1973 - named the CCP a nation's history and civilization. A nation Board of Trustees as the National Artist Awards is only great as its culture, while its true Committee image and soul is reflected in its art.” Presidential Decree No. 208, s. 1973- reiterated CPAR WEEK 4 : NATIONAL ARTIST OF the mandate of the CCP to administer the National THE PHILIPPINES/ NATIONAL LIVING Artist Awards as well as the privileges and honors TREASURES AWARD: GAWAD SA to National Artists. MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN  Executive Order No. 236s. 2003 - also known as Step 1 : The order of National Artists Secretariat the Honors Code of the Philippines , conferred announces opening for nominations. additional prestige on the National Artist Award by Step 2 : NCCA and CCP receive nominations raising it to the level of a Cultural Order and screen and deliberations. equal in rank to the Order of National Scientists and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan. Step 3 : The NCCA and CCP submit a list of recommendees to the President. Executive Order No. 435, s. 2005 - amended Section 5 (IV) of E.O. 236, giving the President the Step 4 : The President issues a proclamation power to name National Artists without the need conferring the rank and title on the recommendees. of a recommendation, relegating the NCCA and the CCP to mere advisory bodies that may or may not Step 5 : The Order of National Artists conferred be heeded. during ceremonies organized by the Secretariat. CRITERIA FOR THE ORDER OF NATIONAL HONORS AND PRIVILEGES ARTIST A member of the Oder of National Artists is granted 1.Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time the following Honors and Privileges: of nomination, as well as those who died after the 1. The rank and title of National Artist, as establishment of the award in 1972 but were proclaimed by the President of the Philippines. Filipino citizens at the time of their death. 2. The insignia of a National Artist and a citation. 2.Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have contributed in building a Filipino 3. A lifetime emolument and material and physical sense of nationhood; benefits comparable in value to those received by 3.Artists who have pioneered in a mode of the highest officers of the land such as: creative expression or style, thus earning A cash award of Two Hundred Thousand Pesos distinction and making an impact on succeeding (₱200,000.00) net of taxes, for Living Awardees. generations of artists. A cash award of One Hundred Fifty Thousand 4.Artists who have created a substantial and Pesos (₱150,000.00) net of taxes, for Posthumous significant body of work and/or consistently Awardees, payable to legal heir/s. displayed excellence in the practice of their art form thus enriching artistic expression or style; Monthly stipend of Thirty Thousand Pesos (₱30,000.00) for the Living National Artists 5.Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through: A monthly life pension, medical and prestigious national and/or international hospitalization benefits. recognition, such as the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists Award and NCCA Life insurance coverage for Awardees who are Alab ng Haraya still insurable. critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works. A state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani; respect and esteem from peers. A place of honor, in line with protocolar precedence, at national state functions, and Process of nomination and conferment of the recognition at cultural events. Order  The word “Culture” comes from the Latin National museum of the Philippines the “cultura” stemming from “colere” which means country’s repository of archeological “to cultivate”. artifacts, national treasures and rare specimens found and produced in the It is generally referring to patterns of human activity country and the symbolic structures that give such activities The main task of this institution is to solicit, significance and importance document, preserve, exhibit is to solicit, “the way of life for an entire society”. document, preserve, exhibit, and promote the natural and artificial wonders of the It can be defined as all the ways of life including Philippines codes of norms, language, systems of beliefs, rituals, art, etc NATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE PHILIPPINES (NLP) Philippine Art reflects the Filipino culture and Established in 1901, the NLP was then called identity. Philippine Art, whether visual or the American circulating library to serve as performative, is a medium of expressing our “memorial to American servicemen who “Filipinoness” or “Pagkafilipino”. As an object and died in the Philippine soil”. symbols of culture, these art mirrors all aspect of the Filipino way of life. Serving as a repository of the printed and recorded cultural heritage of the country ART PROMOTION and other intellectual literary and information sources -Focus on cultural policy advancement, public awareness, research, and ways and means that unite the sector. THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHILIPPINES CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES (CCP) The history of the national archives goes back to the Treaty of Paris in 1898 which For almost 50 years, CCP has been serving as the stipulated the handover or cession of premier venue in the venue in the Philippines for culture documents from Spanish to American and the arts. It has hosted numerous shows and authorities and provided for the exhibitions on both performance and visual arts. It also preservation of the documents. responsible for bringing together the different arts from various regions. COMMISSION ON THE FILIPINO LANGUAGE NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES (NHCP) Was created via republic act no. 7104: “Congress shall establish a national language commission It was created with a vison of “a Filipino composed of representatives of various regions society with citizens informed of their and disciplines which shall undertake, history, who love their country and proud of coordinate and promote research for the their cultural heritage.” development, propagation and preservation of promotes “Philippine history and cultural Filipino and other Philippine languages.” heritage through research, dissemination, conservation and sites management.