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WHAT MAKES US HUMAN? WHAT IS THE PLACE OF THE SELF IN THE CULTURE? Humans are becoming aware of themselves because of the social pressure that the mind - The self is born into a particular culture m...

WHAT MAKES US HUMAN? WHAT IS THE PLACE OF THE SELF IN THE CULTURE? Humans are becoming aware of themselves because of the social pressure that the mind - The self is born into a particular culture made themselves think of what is to be regarded. and environment. Hence, the self will In other words, one can only find the definition have to adjust according to its exposure. of the self through socializing but to make it - The self is embedded in culture by which profound concerning the self, one must see the it may be sourced by blood or by its origin of its identity to where the self belongs. surroundings. The behavior of oneself is the most transparent result of cultural inheritance and cultural environment. ABOUT THE LESSON - The cultural identity is the individual’s perception about oneself anchored on The basic insight of sociology is that human race, gender, nationality, religion, behavior is shaped by the groups to which people ethnicity and language. belong and by the social interaction that takes place within those groups. THE CULTURAL IDENTITY THEORY While anthropology is the study of human - Explains why a person acts and behaves societies and cultures and their development. the way he or she does. It makes sense of how an individual is influenced by the cultural contexts he or she is situated. - For example, an Asian living in Europe, Anthropological Perspective of the meets another person from Asia. Of Self course, they identify each other. They both know that they have come from THE SELF EMBEDED IN CULTURE similar culture, so they feel a sense of belongingness to each other. WHAT IS CULTURE? - It refers to the shared values, beliefs and Sociological Perspective of the norms of a specific group of people. Culture, therefore, influences the way Self we learn, live and behave. WHAT IS THE PLACE OF THE SELF IN THE TO WHOM DOES CULTURE BELONG? SOCIETY? - One might say that culture does not The self is socially constructed in the sense that define who you are, but that is not true. it is shaped through interaction with other Culture plays a larger role in society. For people. As with socialization in general, the example, when you were a child, you individual is not a passive participant in this grew up according to what are your process and have a powerful influence over how family’s culture. In other words, culture this process and its consequences develop. shapes the self to see our very own self and others. GEORGE MEAD, THE SOCIAL SELF theory THE DUAL NATURE OF THE SELF - Mead believes that the self is born of - The belief that an individual experience society. It builds on social experience. the self as both subject and object, the I The self is inseparable from society and and ME. bound up with communication. I is spontaneous and unpredictable. MEAD’S VIEWPOINTS OF SHAPING THE SELF ME socializes to think beyond yourself. 1. Social Experience– this is where the self emerge. It is not part of the body and it does not exist at birth. CHARLES COOLEY: THE LOOKING GLASS SELF 2. Communication– social experience involves - Cooley believes that the sense of self communication and the exchange of symbols depends on seeing one’s self reflected in and create meanings. interactions with others. - The looking glass self refers to the notion 3. Reflective and Reflexive – to understand that the self develops through our intentions you must imagine the situation from perception of other people’s evaluation another person’s point of view by taking the role and appraisal of us. of the other person. - The image of the self that you have is based on how the self believes how other people perceive them. STAGES IN MEAD’S THEORY 1. Preparatory stage – children mimic or imitate others ERVING GOFFMAN: CONSTRUCTING SITUATIONS AND DRAMA 2. Play stage – children pretend to play the role of a particular or significant other - Goffman believes that people routinely behave like actors on stage. The every 3. Game stage – children play organized games day social life of the self becomes and take on the perspective of the generalized theatrical. other (the society and the people inside it). GOFFMAN’S CONCEPTS OF THE SELF 1. He proposed the interaction order concept AFTER EXPERIENCING THE 3 STAGES wherein, the self thinks of what to do in the - The self could identify the generalized immediate presence of others. other. These are the perspectives and 2. The concept of dramaturgy focuses on how the expectations of a network of others (or self takes on roles and act them out to present a the society in general) that a child learns favorable impression for their “audience”. and then takes into account when shaping the behavior of the self. Then 3. There is an impression management process the dual nature of the self will immerse. wherein the self is concerned with controlling how others view him/her. GOFFMAN’S: THE SELF IS A SOCIAL The Human Body-Elemental Composition CONSTRUCTION Water 62 % TWO PARTS: Protein 16 % FRONT STAGE – the self plays different roles Fat 16 % throughout their daily lives and display different kinds of behavior depending on where they are Minerals 6 % and the times of the day. Carbohydrates 1% BACK STAGE – when the self engage in the back stage behavior, they are free of the expectations and norms that dictate front stage behavior. The Beginning of Life Heredity - transmission of traits from parent to - The bottom-line of Goffman’s concept is offspring that each definition of a situation lends itself to a different approach, and the Genotype - specific information imbedded consequences are real. The self is a social within our genes, can only be determined by construction dependent of the situation. blood testing Phenotype - physical expression of a particular trait, can be directly observed Unpacking the SELF Maturation - completion of growth of genetic INTRODUCTION character within an organism or the unfolding of an individual’s inherent traits or potential Our concept of our self and the perception of people around us will always have big effect on Genes are small sections of DNA within the how we deal in a situation. Unpacking the self to genome that code for proteins. They contain the deconstruct, to analyze the nature by examining instructions for our individual characteristics – in detail the adversities that may affect the self. like eye and hair color. The Physical & Biological Self The Beginning of Life People nowadays are too conscious on how they look. How they see themselves in the mirror, how people will look at them and what will people say about them. Physical self refers to the body which we interface with our environment and fellow being. It is a tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined. Challenges of the physical self Human Sexual Behavior - It defined as any activity –solitary or NATURE vs. NURTURE between two persons –that induces or The development of the individual is caused by brings sexual arousal. Classified in two two interacting forces: heredity and types of behavior, the solitary and the environment. socio-sexual. Heredity [nature] is the transmission of traits Solitary Behavior from parents to offspring it provides the raw - Self–gratification means self–stimulation materials of which the individual is made up. that leads to sexual arousal and Environment [nurture] is the sum total of the generally, sexual climax. This takes place forces or experiences that a person undergoes in personal and private as an end in itself. from conception to old age. It includes family, Nowadays, humans are frequently being friends, school, nutrition and other agencies one exposed to sexual stimuli especially from is in contact with. advertising and social media. Some adolescents become so much aggressive ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONING when they respond to such stimuli. The challenge is to develop self-control so Societal Expectations - issues like meeting the that to balance suppression and free society’s standard of physical beauty and body expression. type Socio-sexual Behavior Cultural Practices - how we take care of our bodies-nutrition and sustenance-hygienic - Socio-sexual behavior occurs between practices and standard of beauty and only one male and one female. Physical attractiveness contact involving petting (hugging &kissing) is considered as an ingredient of the learning process and eventually of courtship and selection of a marriage The Sexual Self partner. A behavior may be interpreted by society or individual as erotic depending on the context in which the behavior occurs. - Example, kissing as a gesture of intimacy between couples while other sees this as respect and reverence. Challenges of the Sexual Self Sexual Reproductive Diseases 1. Chlamydia 4. Human Papillomavirus 2. Gonorrhea 5. Herpes simplex virus 3. Syphilis 6. HIV, AIDS Responsible Sexual Behavior they do or became affects you. When an immediate family member dies, part of Respect for one’s body you dies, too. When their lives are in Maturity in thoughts and deeds success, you feel their victories as if you Being guided by one’s personal beliefs are the one holding the bacon. and core values 4. Home Being future-oriented - Home is where your heart is. It is the Practice abstinence while you’re young earliest nest of your selfhood. Your Engage with safe sex; use oral experience inside the home were contraceptives and condoms recorded and marked on particular parts and things in your home. There was an old cliché about rooms: “if only walls can The Material Self speak”. The home thus is an extension of self, because in it, you can directly You want what your heart wants! connect yourself. We are living in a world of sale and shopping Remember: We are what we have spree. Almost everywhere, including the digital space, we can find promotions of product - Russel Belk (1988) posits that “…we purchase. Product advertisements are suggestive regard our possessions as part of our of making us feel better or look good. Part of us selves. We are what we have and what wants to have that product. What makes us want we possess.” The identification of the to have those products are connected with who self to things stared in our infancy stage we are. when we make a distinction among self and environment and others who may desire our possessions. The possessions The material self, according to William James that we dearly have tell something about who we are, our self-concept, our past, 1. Your body and even our future. - Body is the innermost part of material self. You are directly attached to this commodity that you cannot live without. The Political Self You strive hard to make sure that this body functions well and good. Reflecting the political self 2. Clothes - James believed that an essential part of Ideally, as a Filipino citizen, we adhere to the the material self is clothing. Anytime you values and traits that we’re thought to us from bring an object into the surface of your childhood up to present. body, you invest that object into any Respecting the elders consciousness of your personal Bayanihan existence taking in its contours to be Mañana Habit your own and making it part of the self. Close family ties 3. Immediate Family Filipino time - Your parents and siblings hold another great important part of yourself. What  will is purer than all other sentiments of satisfaction. Whoa! The spiritual self in us is either the entire stream of our personal consciousness or an outward point of view An individual lives in a society where there are many practices of religion. The choice of religious belief lies within the spiritual self although the choice may be influenced by the society and its culture. Parts of the spiritual self SPIRITUALITY Challenges of the political self The quality of being concerned with the human spirit or soul as opposed to material - Influence of social media on the political or physical things principles and beliefs of oneself. - Exercising the freedom of speech in RELIGION voicing out political opinions A set of beliefs and practices that are usually - Liberal discussions about the political influenced by the culture and society. self is often condemned by the standard of the society or the environment that the self is situated in. Highlights of Spirituality ❑ The mind-body-spirit connection The Spiritual Self ❑ The belief in a higher being William James’ Concept of Spiritual Self ❑ The discovery of meaning in one’s life - According to William James’ book, the principles of psychology (1890), the spiritual self is the most intimate, inner Characteristics of Religion subjective part of self – the most 1) A belief in anthropomorphic supernatural intimate version of the self because of being, such as spirit and gods the satisfaction experienced when thinking of one’s ability to argue and 2) A focus on the sacred supernatural, where discriminate, of one’s moral sensibility sacred refers to a feeling of reverence and and conscience, and our unconquerable awe 3) The presence of supernatural power or IDENTITIES OF THE DIGITAL SELF energy that is found on supernatural beings as well as physical beings and objects - ONLINE IDENTITY interaction. is actually 4) The performance of ritual activities that the sum of our characteristics and our involves the manipulation of sacred object to interaction communicate to supernatural beings and/or - PARTIAL IDENTITY is a subset of to influence or control events characteristics that make up our identity. 5) The articulation of worldview and moral codes through narratives and other means Selective Self Presentation and Impression Management According to Erving Goffman 6) Provide the creation and maintenance of social bonds and mechanism of social control According to Goffman self presentation is the within a community; provide explanation for process of controlling how one is perceived by unknown and a sense of control for other people and is the key to relationship individuals. inception and development. To construct positive images, individuals selectively provide information about them and carefully cater this Challenges of the Spiritual Self information in response to other's feedback. - Question the power of the supreme being in your religion. ⮚ Anything posted online should be considered - Think that some things are beyond your “public“, disregarding the concept of “privacy” spiritual control. - Realize that the supreme ⮚ Key part of engaging in social media is “self being/entity/rituals that you believe in presentation” cannot answer all of your prayers. Self-Presentation in the Digital World THE DIGITAL SELF 1. Ingratiation 4. Exemplification These days, more people are becoming 2. Modesty 5. Intimidation active in using the internet for research, pleasure, business, communication, and 3. Self-promotion 6. Supplication other purposes. On the other hand, people assume different identities while in the cyberspace. People act differently when they 1. Ingratiation are online and offline. We have a real identity - A psychological technique in which an and online identity. individual attempt to influence another person by becoming more likeable to their target. We try to shapes other’s impression through flattery. It increases the recipient’s self-esteem.  2. Modesty - Representing own positive traits, contributions, or accomplishments in a humble way. Moderating the estimation of one’s own abilities, sometimes seen as self deprecation. 3. Self Promotion - Conveyance of positive information through one’s behavior or by telling others about once positive asset and accomplishment. 4. Exemplification - A self-presentation that involves inducing other people to regard one as a highly moral, virtuous person whose actions are consistent with positive, shared values. 5. Intimidation - An individual produces fear and gains power by convincing others they are powerful and/or dangerous. 6. Supplication - Advertise the weakness or dependence, hoping the solicit help for sympathy out of a sense of social obligation. Challenges of the Digital Self 1. Giving in the phenomenon of “over sharing” 2. “Disinhibition effect”- the lack of face to face gaze-meeting, together with feelings of anonymity and invisibility 3. “Fear of Missing Out” - sharing every information about oneself online; to feel connected and be included