UTS Lesson 1

Deconstructing t h e P s yc h e Week 2: September 14, 2023  Attendance Checking Workplan Announcement / Reminders Class Discussion and Activities Discussion Forum Consultation / Work on requirements  Are SELF a n d IDENTITY the same?...

Deconstructing t h e P s yc h e Week 2: September 14, 2023  Attendance Checking Workplan Announcement / Reminders Class Discussion and Activities Discussion Forum Consultation / Work on requirements  Are SELF a n d IDENTITY the same?  Id e n t it y Se lf the t h e e n t ire d is t in gu is h in g p e rs o n h o o d o f c h a ra c t e r o r t h e in d ivid u a l p e rs o n a lit y o f a n in d ivid u a l So u rc e : Me rria m -We b s t e r Dic t io n a ry The Pr oces s of J o h a ri Win d o w Dis c o v e r in g Op e n B lin d S p o t t h e S e lf KNOWN TO Kn o w n b y b o t h yo u Un k n o w n t o yo u OTHERS and other s but known to other s UNKNOWN TO Hid d e n Un k n o w n OTHERS Kn o w n t o yo u b u t Un k n o w n b y b o t h not by other s yo u a n d o t h e r s KNOWN BY YOU UNKNOWN BY YOU  The Many Vie w s o f t h e S c ie n t ific S e lf P e r s p e c t iv e P h ilo s o p h ic a l P s yc h o lo g ic a l P e r s p e c t iv e P e r s p e c t iv e Wh o a m I? S ELF Wh a t a m I? Ph ilo s o p h ic a l Pe rs p e c t ive S o c r a t e s : An unexamined life is not worth living F a t h e r o f We s t e r n P h ilo s o p h y Tw o d ic h o t o m o u s r e a lm s : ⚬ P h ys ic a l r e a lm - c h a n g e a b le , t r a n s ie n t , im p e r fe c t ⚬ Id e a l r e a lm - u n c h a n g in g , e t e r n a l, p e r fe c t S o c r a t e s : An u n e x a m in e d life is n o t w o r t h liv in g Man must live: ⚬ a n e x a m in e d life ; a n d ⚬ a life o f p u r p o s e a n d v a lu e Th e S o c r a t ic Me t h o d , o r in t r o s p e c t io n , is im p o r t a n t in o r d e r t o g a in s e lf-k n o w le d g e Let's ponder Wh a t is t h e p u r p o s e o f t h e S o c r a t ic together ! Me t h o d ? Wh y d o w e h a v e t o b e s k e p t ic a l a b o u t e v e r yt h in g in c lu d in g o u r o w n natur e? P la t o : The self is an immortal soul F o u n d e r o f Ac a d e m y in At h e n s A s tude nt of Soc r a te s S e lf = s o u l A t h r e e -p a r t s o u l: ⚬ Re a s o n ⚬ S p ir it o r p a s s io n ⚬ P h ys ic a l a p p e t it e Reason - d iv in e e s s e n c e e n a b lin g t h o u g h t , w is e c h o ic e s , a n d t r u e u n d e r s t a n d in g S p ir it o r P a s s io n - b a s ic e m o t io n s lik e lo v e , a n g e r , a m b it io n , a g g r e s s iv e n e s s , a n d e m p a t h y P h ys ic a l a p p e t it e - b a s ic b io lo g ic a l n e e d s s u c h a s h u n g e r , t h ir s t , a n d s e x u a l d e s ir e Let's ponder Wh a t is t h e m o r a l le s s o n o f t h e together ! Alle g o r y o f t h e Ca v e ? Wh a t s h o u ld w e d o w it h t h o s e w h o w ill m o c k o r in s u lt yo u fo r k n o w in g / r e a liz in g t h e t r u t h ? Ar is t o t le : The soul is the essence of the self A s t u d e n t o f P la t o F ir s t t o d e v e lo p a fo r m a l s ys t e m fo r r e a s o n in g Bo d y a n d s o u l a r e n o t s e p a r a t e e n t it ie s (h y lo m o r p h is m ) An yt h in g w it h life h a s a s oul  Ra t io n a l So u l Se n t ie n t o r Se n s it ive So u l Vegetative Soul Re p ro d u c t io n , Gro wt h Mo b ilit y, Se n s a t io n Th o u gh t , Re fle c t io n S t. Au g u s t in e : The self has an immortal soul Afr ic a n p h ilo s o p h e r In t e g r a t e d P la t o 's id e a s a n d t e a c h in g s o f Ch r is t ia n it y Th e b o d y is t h e s p o u s e o f the s oulattached by a "n a t u r a l a p p e t it e " Th e m in d is s u p e r io r o v e r the body S t. Au g u s t in e : The self has an immortal soul Ha p p in e s s c a n b e fo u n d in Go d 's lo v e S in is t h e s o u r c e o f h u m a n u n h a p p in e s s S e lf-p r e s e n t a t io n le a d s t o s e lf- r e a liz a t io n Un d e r s t a n d in g o f t h e s e lf is a c h ie v e d t h r o u g h in t r o s p e c t io n o r s e lf-a n a lys is R e n e De s c a r t e s : I think,therefore I am F a t h e r o f Mo d e r n We s t e r n P h ilo s o p h y Ca r t e s ia n P h ilo s o p h y - m e n t a l a c t s d e t e r m in e p h ys ic a l a c t s Th e m in d is t h e in t e lle c t u a l s u b s t a n c e w h ic h p o s s e s s e s a w ill R e n e De s c a r t e s : I think,therefore I am Th e a c t o f t h in k in g a b o u t t h e s e lf - b e in g s e lf- c o n s c io u s - is p r o o f o f t h e e x is t e n c e o f a s e lf Es s e n c e o f a h u m a n s e lf: a t h in k in g e n t it y t h a t d o u b t s , u n d e r s t a n d s , a n a lyz e s , q u e s t io n s , a n d r eas ons Tw o d im e n s io n s o f t h e s e lf: ⚬ s e lf a s a t h in k in g e n t it y ⚬ s e lf a s a p h ys ic a l b o d y J o h n Lo c k e : The self is consciousness F a t h e r o f Lib e r a lis m Ta b u la Ra s a - t h e m in d is a b la n k s la t e w it h o u t in n a t e id e a s a t b ir t h S e n s o r y e x p e r ie n c e s a n d r e fle c t io n s p r o v id e s k n o w le d g e Us in g p o w e r o f r e a s o n a n d in t r o s p e c t io n e n a b le s o n e t o u n d e r s t a n d a n d a c h ie v e a c c u r a t e c o n c lu s io n s a b o u t t h e s e lf Da v id Hu m e : There is no self S c o t t is h p h ilo s o p h e r Th e r e is n o s e lf, o n ly t h e d is t in c t e n t it ie s o f im p r e s s io n s a n d id e a s Th e id e a o f a p e r s o n a l id e n t it y is a r e s u lt o f im a g in a t io n Th e s e lf a n d o n e 's m in d is lik e a m a c h in e t h a t c a n b e t u r n e d o n a n d o ff a s t h e y a r e o n ly a c t iv e w h e n o n e is c o n s c io u s Im m a n u e l Ka n t : We construct the self Ge r m a n p h ilo s o p h e r Th e h u m a n m in d c r e a t e s e x p e r ie n c e s Ev e r y p e r s o n h a s a t w o -fo ld natur e: ⚬ h o m o n o u m e n o n - in n e r s e lf; t h e in t e lle c t a n d p s yc h o lo g ic a l s t a t e o f a b e in g ; o b je c t is t h e s o u l ⚬ hom o phaenom enon - o u t e r s e lf; s e n s e s a n d t h e p h ys ic a l s e lf; o b je c t is t h e body S ig m u n d F r e u d : The self is multi -la ye r e d Au s t r ia n p s yc h o a n a lys t Es t a b lis h e d p s yc h o a n a lys is Th r e e la ye r s o f s e lf: ⚬ c o n s c io u s ⚬ p r e c o n s c io u s ⚬ u n c o n s c io u s  C o n s c io u s - all the things that we are aware of Preconscious - thoughts that are unconscious but are readily available for recall and easily capable of becoming conscious Unconscious - things that are outside of conscious awareness, including many memories, thoughts, and urges of which we are not aware Gilb e r t R y le : The self is the way people behave I a c t t h e r e fo r e I a m Th e s e lf is b e s t under s tood as a patter n o f b e h a v io r Th e s e lf is t h e s a m e a s b o d ily b e h a v io r "Th e g h o s t in t h e m a c h in e " P a u l C h u r c h la n d : The self is the brain "No t h in g b u t m a t t e r e x is t s " Elim in a t iv e m a t e r ia lis m - t h e s e lf is in s e p a r a b le fr o m t h e b r a in a n d t h e p h ys io lo g y o f t h e b o d y All a p e r s o n h a s is a b r a in M a r ic e M e r le a u -P o n t y : The self is embodied s u b je c t iv it y Kn o w le d g e o f s e lf is bas ed on p h e n o m e n a o f e x p e r ie n c e Th e m in d a n d b o d y a r e u n ifie d , n o t s e p a r a t e Ev e r yt h in g t h a t p e o p le a r e a w a r e o f is c o n t a in e d w it h in t h e c o n s c io u s n e s s Let's ponder Wh ic h p h ilo s o p h ic a l v ie w r e la t e s t o together ! yo u r o w n b e lie f? Wh y? Wh ic h p h ilo s o p h ic a l v ie w d o yo u n o t a g r e e w it h ? Wh y n o t ?  Sc ie n t ific Pe rs p e c t ive  Bio lo gic a l Sc ie n c e s Se lf is a c o n s e q u e n c e o f: ⚬ Ge n e t ic s - how, in all living things, the characteristics and qualities of parents are given to their children through their genes ⚬ Physiology - the functioning of living organisms and of the functioning of their constituent tissues or cells  Ne u ro p h ilo s o p h y To understand how the brain works and functions, one m u s t u n d e rs t a n d t h e b ra in wit h t h e h e lp o f e vid e n c e fro m n e u ro s c ie n c e t o p o lis h c o n c e p t s s u c h a s fre e will. Th e p h ilo s o p h ic a l a p p ro a c h o f fre e will, c o m m o n s e n s e a n d c o n s c io u s n e s s m u s t b e d is c u s s e d b y t h e u s e o f fra m e wo rk o f n e u ro s c ie n c e a s a d va n c e s in t h is fie ld s e e m in gly ga t h e r wit h h o w p e o p le t h in k, fe e l a n d b e h a ve.  Ps yc h o n e u ro im m u n o lo gy The study of interactions between behavior, neural a n d e n d o c rin e fu n c t io n , a n d im m u n e p ro c e s s e s. r J u s t a s t h e b o d y re je c t s o r a c c e p t s fo re ign m a t e ria ls t h a t e n t e r it , a p e rs o n c a n c h o o s e t o a c c e p t o r re je c t p e o p le wh o a re b e n e fic ia l o r h a rm fu l t o t h e m , re s p e c t ive ly.  So c ia l Sc ie n c e The scientific study of human society and social re la t io n s h ip s  So c io lo gy The study of the collective b e h a vio r o f p e o p le wit h in t h e s o c ie t y a n d fo c u s e s o n s o c ia l p ro b le m s e n c o u n t e re d b y in d ivid u a ls  An t h ro p o lo gy The study of human beings and their a n c e s t o rs t h ro u gh t im e a n d s p a c e a n d in re la t io n t o p h ys ic a l c h a ra c t e r, e n viro n m e n t a l a n d s o c ia l re la t io n s , a n d c u lt u re  Po lit ic a l Sc ie n c e Concerned with the participation of in d ivid u a ls in e s t a b lis h in g a go ve rn m e n t a n d m a kin g p o lit ic a l c h o ic e s  Ec o n o m ic s Study of scarcity and its implications for the use of re s o u rc e s , p ro d u c t io n o f go o d s a n d s e rvic e s , gro wt h o f p ro d u c t io n a n d we lfa re o ve r t im e , a n d a gre a t va rie t y o f o t h e r c o m p le x is s u e s o f vit a l c o n c e rn t o s o c ie t y.  Ps yc h o lo gy The scientific study of mind and behavior Ps yc h o lo gic a l Pe rs p e c t ive W illia m J a m e s : The Me -S e lf a n d t h e I-S e lf I-S e lf, a ls o k n o w n a s t h e t h in k in g s e lf , r e fe r s t o t h e s e lf t h a t k n o w w h o h e o r s h e is ; t h e "I" is t h e p u r e e g o , w h ic h p r o v id e s c o n t in u it y b e t w e e n p a s t , p r e s e n t , a n d fu t u r e Me -S e lf, r e fe r s t o t h e p e r s o n 's p e r s o n a l e x p e r ie n c e s W illia m J a m e s : Th e M e -S e lf a n d t h e I-S e lf Me -Self is divided into: ⚬ M a t e r ia l s e lf - w h a t b e lo n g s t o a p e r s o n ⚬ S o c ia l s e lf - w h a t t h e p e r s o n is in s p e c ific s o c ia l s it u a t io n s ⚬ S p ir it u a l s e lf - m o s t in t im a t e p a r t o f t h e p e r s o n in c lu d in g h is o r h e r p u r p o s e , c o r e v a lu e s , c o n s c ie n c e , a n d m o r a l b e h a v io r C a r l R o g e r s : Real and Ideal Self Th e s e lf a s a fle x ib le a n d c h a n g in g p e r c e p t io n o f p e r s o n a l id e n t it y Hu m a n b e in g s a r e a lw a ys s t r iv in g fo r s e lf - f u lf illm e n t o r s e lf - a c t u a liz a t io n , a n d c e n t r a l t o t h is is t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f s e lf - concept  S e lf -c o n c e p t is an individual's knowledge of who he or she is  S e lf -a c t u a liz a t io n is the continuous lifelong process whereby an individual's self -concept is maintained and enhanced via reflection and the reinterpretation of various experiences which enable the individual to recover, change and develop (Rogers, 1951) Positive self -regard refers to the need for love, affection, and respect from other people According to Rogers, everyone has a self - actualizing tendency Do n a ld W in n ic o t t : True self versus False self Tr u e s e lf - s e n s e o f s e lf b a s e d o n a u t h e n t ic e x p e r ie n c e , a n d t h e fe e lin g o f b e in g t r u ly p r e s e n t a n d a liv e F a ls e s e lf - a d e fe n s iv e fa c a d e , b e h in d w h ic h t h e p e r s o n c a n fe e l e m p t y, b e h a v io r s a r e le a r n e d a n d c o n t r o lle d Th e fu n c t io n o f t h e fa ls e s e lf is t o h id e a n d p r o t e c t t h e t r u e s e lf. It c a n b e h e a lt h y o r u n h e a lt h y. Alb e r t B a n d u r a : The self as proactive and agentic Hu m a n s a r e p r o a c t iv e a g e n t s o f e x p e r ie n c e s t h r o u g h t h e ir agency Ag e n c y is t h e h u m a n c a p a b ilit y t o in flu e n c e o n e 's fu n c t io n in g a n d t h e c o u r s e o f e ve n t s b y o n e 's a c t io n s Alb e r t B a n d u r a : The self as proactive and agentic F o u r c o m p o n e n t s o f h u m a n a g e n c y: ⚬ In t e n t io n a lit y - a c t s d o n e in t e n t io n a lly ⚬ F o r e t h o u g h t - e n a b le s t h e p e r s o n t o a n t ic ip a t e t h e lik e ly c o n s e q u e n c e s o f p r o s p e c t iv e a c t io n s ⚬ S e lf -r e a c t iv e n e s s - in v o lv e s m a k in g c h o ic e s a n d c h o o s in g a p p r o p r ia t e c o u r s e s o f a c t io n a s w e ll a s m o t iv a t in g a n d r e g u la t in g t h e m ⚬ S e lf -r e f le c t iv e n e s s - g iv e s t h e p e r s o n t h e a b ilit y t o r e fle c t u p o n t h e a d e q u a c y o f h is o r h e r t h o u g h t s a n d a c t io n s Alb e r t B a n d u r a : The self as proactive and agentic Effic a c y b e lie fs a r e t h e fo u n d a t io n o f h u m a n a g e n c y S e lf -e f f ic a c y r e fe r s t o t h e in d iv id u a l's b e lie f t h a t h e o r s h e is c a p a b le t o p e r fo r m a t a s k S e lf -r e g u la t io n = r e fe r s t o t h e a b ilit y o f a n in d iv id u a l t o c o n t r o l h is o r h e r b e h a v io r w it h o u t h a v in g t o r e ly o n o t h e r s fo r h e lp C a r l J u n g : The self as the central archetype Co m p o n e n t s o f t h e p s yc h e : Ego – center of consciousness awareness; individual’s conscious perception of the self Personal unconscious – unique to each individual Complex Collective unconscious – collection of general wisdom passed from one to another across all ages Archetypes – universal models after which roles are patterned; resides in the collective unconscious C a r l J u n g : The self as the central archetype S o c ia l r o le s t h a t Re p r e s s e d in d iv id u a ls thoughts that ar e pr es ent to other s s o c ia lly u n a c c e p t a b le Re p r e s e n t s t h e “t r u e s e lf” Central archetype r a t h e r t h a n t h e im a g e w e that unites all parts pr esent to other s of the psyche Animus – masculine side of the female psyche Anima – feminine side of the male psyche S ig m u n d F r e u d : Construction of self and personality Psychosexual stages Er ik Er ik s o n : The role of his theory in UTS P e r s o n a lit y d e v e lo p s in a p r e d e t e r m in e d o r d e r t h r o u g h e ig h t s t a g e s o f p s yc h o s o c ia l d e v e lo p m e n t fr o m in fa n c y t o a d u lt h o o d S u c c e s s fu l c o m p le t io n o f e a c h s t a g e r e s u lt s in a c q u is it io n o f basic strengths Unsuccessful completion of each stage results in a core pathology Er ik Er ik s o n : The role of his theory in UTS  DISCUSSION FORUM Why is it important to understand the self? What characteristics do you have that can help you be happy and successful? Du e o n : Se p t e m b e r 20 , 20 23, 11:5 9 p m WORK ON YOUR REQUIREMENTS TIME