Utob Tribe PDF

Al Utob Utob Tribe  Al Utob The origin of the Utob :  Tribal alliance was formed in the late of eighteenth century, they migrated from the Najd region in the middle of Arabian Peninsula to the west coast of the...

Al Utob Utob Tribe  Al Utob The origin of the Utob :  Tribal alliance was formed in the late of eighteenth century, they migrated from the Najd region in the middle of Arabian Peninsula to the west coast of the Arabian Gulf, Utob in Arabic language means Travel and Transport, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem says that the name came from the movement towards the north.  Some historians believe that the origin of the name is relative to Utteba they branch of Oneza tribe. Main Utob clans are: Al-Khalifa Al-Sabah and Jalahma, their native village was Al Hadar and it was located in the Aflaj valley in Najd region. 3 Al Utob 12/29/24  4 Al Utob 12/29/24 The reasons of Utob migration : There were many stories and opinions about the causes of Al-‘Utob migration from Najd to the Eastern coast of the Arabian Gulf. The following points are the main reasons: Drought, which hit the Arabian Peninsula in the second half of the 17th century and early 18th century. Tribal conflicts. Travel for earning a living. The Portuguese departure (mid of the 17th century). Aspiration to independence. Sheikh Khalifa left Najd and went down to Kuwait in the 12 AH Century for unknown reasons and perhaps he wanted to make an independent country and place himself as a ruler. Their settlement away from other powers proved their likely aspire for dominance and complete authority.  5 Al Utob 12/29/24 ‘Utob migration from Haddar to Freeha village :  There is no sufficient evidence to determine the exact date of ‘Utob immigration. ‘  Utob migrated from Najd in the middle of the 17th century.  Three families went to Salwa “Qatar” who are Al-Sabah, led by Sheikh Subah Bin Jaber and Al-Khalifa, led by Sheikh Khalifa Bin Mohammed, and Al Jalahma led by Sheikh Jaber bin ‘Otba.  Qatar was rolled by Bni Khalid at that period.  Some lands in Qater including Freeha was belonged to Al-Muslim.  They have settled in Freeha for almost fifty years before they gather in Kuwait.  6 Al Utob 12/29/24 migration from Qatar to Kuwait: Al-Muslim felt that the presence of ‘Utob constituted a threat to them and perhaps may they become the rulers of the region with the support of Bani Khalid, who did not oppose their existence. Their conflict with Al-Muslim, led them to leave the coast of the country and travel to Kuwait in 1700.  7 Al Utob 12/29/24 Factors that led to the prosperity of Kuwait: Several factors had helped ‘Utob to consolidate their feet in Kuwait including : 1 – The good relations with its neighbors, especially Bani Khalid. 2 – The weakness of the Persian power and the lack of a central authority. 3 – ‘Utob take advantage of Kuwait’s commercial center and its geographical location in strengthening their economic situation. 4- Collaboration between the Utob themselves, Al Subah ruled Kuwait, whereas the Al Khalifa were in charge of trade and the flow of money, and the Jalahma would be in charge over work in the sea.  8 Al Utob 12/29/24 migration from Kuwait to Al-Zubara  Zubarah , is a ruined and ancient fort located on the north western coast of the Qatar peninsula in the Al Shamal municipality, about 105 km from the Qatari capital of Doha. It was founded by Al Bin Ali, main and principal Utob tribe in the first half of the eighteenth century.  It was once a successful center of global trade and pearl fishing positioned midway between the Strait of Hormuz and the west arm of the Arabian Gulf.  The site comprises the fortified town with a later inner and an earlier outer wall, a harbour, a sea canal, two screening walls, Qal'at Murair (Murair fort), and the more recent Zubarah Fort.  9 Al Utob 12/29/24 migration from Kuwait to Al-Zubara Historians differ in the reasons mentioned and the motivations that were behind the migration of Al-Khalifa from Kuwait to Al- Zubara , some of those reasons are: 1 – The Attack on Kuwait by Bni Ka’b in 1762 and imposing taxes and tribute on the local inhabitants. 2 – The invasion of the Persians on Basra and their assault on ‘Utob in Kuwait. 3 – Abdullah bin Sabah was given the power after the death of his father, Sheikh Sabah bin Jaber. Al Khalifa were looking to role Kuwait after the death of their cousin- the first Sabah, but ‘Utob decided on having Abdullah bin Sabah as the ruler. 4 – Al-Khalifa’s desire to establish a private commercial center on the coast of Qatar and Bahrain Islands.  10 Al Utob 12/29/24 migration from Kuwait to Al-Zubara Al Khalifa went out of Kuwait to the south by sailing, led by Sheikh Mohammed bin Khalifa. On their way to Qatar, they went to Bahrain and it was under the influence of Al- Mathkoor.Al-Mathkoor prevented Al-Khalifa to arrive in Bahrain, that’s why they went down towards Al-Zubara. Al-Muslim asked Al-Khalifa to pay Al-zakat, but Sheikh Mohammed refused and proceeded to fortify Al-Zubara by building “Mareer” castle in two years, 1767-1768. Among those who lived in Zubarah*, Al Ben Ali and Al-Jalahma, they assigned the leadership to Sheikh Mohammed and after his death, sheikh Ibrahim was the leader.  11 Al Utob 12/29/24 Zubarah battle and its consequences The Zubarah battle was between Al-Khalifa and Al- Mathkoor. Several factors had led to the battle, including: 1 – Prosperity of Al-Zabara , which led to competition on sources of livelihood between ‘Utob and sheikhs of the Persian coast. 2 – Bad relationships between Al-Khalifa and “Al-Mathkoor”. Al-Mathkoor had done several failed attempts to occupy Zubarah in the period from 1777 – 1781. 4 – Al-Khalifa ambitions were to expand by sea because they found that Zubara do not meet the needs of the new community, but al-Khalifa did not think to expand by ground in Qatar because of the friendship relations with Bani Khalid. 5- The attack of Bni K’ab on Utob’s ships in Zubara and Kuwait.  12 Al Utob 12/29/24 Zubara battle: Arabs were divided into two groups: A) Group of the Eastern coast of the Gulf and includes, ”Bushehr, Bni Ka’b, Bandar Raiq Hormuz and Al-Qawassim”. B) Group of Al-Zubara “Al-Khalifa” and joined by Freeha people “belong to Bin Ali.  13 Al Utob 12/29/24 Zubara battle  Al-Mathkoor fleet sailed from Bushehr to Bahrain.  Sheikh Nasr’s plan was the blockade of Al-Zubarah.  Mohammed – nephew of Sheikh Nasr- had implemented this plan.  He presented a naval to terrorize the people of Zubara, who already knew about the navel and they had prepared to face them.  They were led by Sheikh Ahmed bin Mohammed on behalf of his brother, Sheikh Khalifa, who was on pilgrimage at the time.  Negotiations between the parties made, Al-Khalifa accepted all the conditions of reconciliation. However, Al- Mathkoor insisted on the give- up by people of Zubara without any conditions or restrictions.  14 Al Utob 12/29/24 Zubara battle  Persians forces were presented on the land between Zubara and Freeeha at the time of a Friday prayers of December 1782.  They occupied Zubara without any resistance, but they were surprised when the locals of Al-Zubara and Freeeha were attacking them.  After a long battle, the winners were Al-Zubara’s army who killed Sheikh Mohammed and Sheikh Rashid bin Matter (Sheik Al-Qawassim), and invaders left their weapons and ran to the sea.  In general several factors and causes have led to the failure of the siege, including:  15 Al Utob 12/29/24 Factors and causes that led to the failure of Zubara siege:  1 – Al-Zubara people put themselves in two choices, victory or death.  2 -Al-Khalifa knew about the battle, giving them the opportunity to prepare well.  3 – ‘Utob fighting in their own land, which gave them the opportunity to move easily and smoothly, unlike Persian forces that were in the sea.  4 – Closeness of ‘Utub from supply centers in contrast to Persian forces which were far from the centers of their supply at Bushehr and Bahrain.  5 – The support of the Freeha people to Al-Khalifa, especially as they attacked the Persian forces from behind.  6 – Disruption of internal conditions in Persia and the struggle on power. The most important consequence is that the victory of Al-Khalifa was a strong incentive for them to control Bahrain.  16 Al Utob Al-Khalifa in Bahrain :  After the victory of Al-Khalifa in Al-Zubara battle, Sheikh Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Khalifa went to Bahrain after he knew that Sheikh Nasr escaped to Bushaher and that the garrison left behind in Bahrain cannot defend and protect Bahrain.  At the same time, Sheikh Nasr Al-Mathkoor was asking for help and supplies from Persia to reinstate the second attack on Zubara, but the Persian government had not countered that since it was busy with its internal problems, Thus, the disrupted internal conditions in Bahrain, has led sheikh Ahmed bin Mohammed to attack Bahrain.  17 Al Utob 12/29/24 Al-Khalifa in Bahrain :  Sheikh Ahmed was the ruler of Zubara and Bahrain at the same time. After a while, Al-Fateh went to live in Zubara and assign Ali Bin Faris as a ruler of Bahrain. Sheikh Ahmed was spending the summer in Bahrain and the rest of the year in Zubara until his death in 1796, and was buried in Manama. Therefore, he was succeeded by his son Salman, who chose to reside in Riffa and followed him after that choice all the rulers until the present day.  The political history of Al Khalifa in Bahrain begins in 1783  18 Al Utob 12/29/24 Al-Khalifa in Bahrain  19 Al Utob 12/29/24 Name Years as ruler Title Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Khalifa 1783–1796 Hakim Shaikh Abdullah bin Ahmad Al Khalifa, 1796–1834 Hakim ruling jointly with 1796–1825 Hakim Shaikh Salman bin Ahmad Al Khalifa 1825–1834 Hakim Shaikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifa 1834–1842 Shaikh Muhammad bin Khalifah Al 1849–1868 Hakim Khalifa 1869-1869 Shaikh Ali bin Khalifah Al Khalifa 1868–1869 Hakim Shaikh Muhammad bin Abdullah Al 1869-1869 Hakim Khalifa Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa 1869–1932 Hakim Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 1932–1942 Hakim Shaikh Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa 1942–1961 Hakim 1961–1971 Hakim Shaikh Isa Bin Salman Al Khalifa 1971–1999 Amir 1999–2002 Amir King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 2002–present King  20 Al Utob 12/29/24 Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAC7bDYNPJs