Anatomical Terms for Physical Therapy Lec 1 PDF

 Faculty of Physical Therapy ❑Course Title: Anatomy I ❑Course Code: FM 101 ❑Department: Anatomy and embryology ❑Lecture Title: Anatomical terms ❑Lecturer Name : Prof.Dr. Morsy Abdelfattah Morsy Anatomical Terms ❑ Objectives: By the end of this lecture the...

 Faculty of Physical Therapy ❑Course Title: Anatomy I ❑Course Code: FM 101 ❑Department: Anatomy and embryology ❑Lecture Title: Anatomical terms ❑Lecturer Name : Prof.Dr. Morsy Abdelfattah Morsy Anatomical Terms ❑ Objectives: By the end of this lecture the student will be able to: ❖Describe the anatomical position. ❖Identify the anatomical planes. ❖Define the terms of direction. ❖Define the terms of movements. ❖Identify the function of bones. ❑Anatomical position: Standing erect position. The eyes looking forward. The arms by the sides of the trunk. The palms of the hand facing forward.  B-Anatomical A-Anatomical planes and position. position. ❑Anatomical Planes: 1-Vertical Planes: Sagittal Planes. Coronal Plane. 2-Transverse (Horizontal) plane: ❑Sagittal planes: 1. Midsagittal (Median) plane: vertical antero- posterior plane which divides the body into right & left equal halves 2. Parasagittal plane: any vertical plane parallel to median plane on either side of the body ❑Coronal Plane: Is the vertical side to side plane which divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. It lies at right angle to the sagittal planes. ❑Transverse (Horizontal) plane: It is the cross section of the body which divides it into upper and lower segments. It lies at right angle to all the previous vertical planes. ❑ Anatomical position and planes 1. Median sagittal plane. 2. Paramedian plane. 3. Coronal plane. 4. Horizontal plane ❑Terms of Directions: Ventral (anterior): toward the front of the body. Dorsal (posterior): toward the back of the body. Superior (upper, cranial, cephalic): near the upper end of the body. Inferior (lower, caudal): near the lower end of the body. Medial: nearer to median plane. Lateral: away from median plane. Superficial (external): nearer to the surface. Deep (internal): away from the surface. Ipsilateral: structures in the same side of the body. Contralateral: structures in the opposite side of the body. Supine position: the body is lying on the back. Prone position: the body is lying with face downward. ❑Pronation and supination of the trunk: ❑Terms of direction in limbs: 1-Terms of directions in upper limb: Radial: refers to side of radius (lateral bone); thumb side. Ulnar: refers to side of ulna (medial bone); little finger side. 2-Terms of directions in lower limb: Tibial: refers to the side of tibia (medial bone); big toe side. Fibular: refers to the side of fibula (lateral bone); little toe side. 3-Terms of directions in trunk: Proximal: nearer to attachment of limb to trunk. Distal: away from attachment of limb to trunk. 4-Terms related to the foot and hand: Palmer: structures in the anterior surface of the hand. planter: structures in the sole of the foot. Dorsum: structures in the back of the hand or foot ❑Terms of direction in limbs: proximal Distal Radial ulnar fibular Tibial Terms of movements ❑Terms of movements: 1.Flexion: is the movement of bending, toward the original ventral surface. 2.Extension: straightening of the joint. It usually takes place in the posterior direction. 3.Abduction: to draw a limb away from median plane of the body. 4.Adduction: to bring the limb back towards median plane by the side of the body. 5.Rotation: is the movement of a part around its long axis. A-Lateral rotation: if the anterior surface turns laterally. B-Medial rotation: if the anterior surface turns medially. 1.Circumduction: The moving limb describes a cone. It occurs by succession of the above movements. 2.Supination: is the movement of the palm forwards or upwards. 3.Pronation: is the movement of the palm backwards or downwards. 4.Eversion: is the movement of the sole of foot outward. 5.Inversion: is the movement of the sole of foot inward. 6.Protraction : is to move the joint forward. 7.Retraction : is to move the joint backward. e.g., movements of the lower jaw  Movements in the trunk: Flexion and Lateral Rotation extension of the flexion of the trunk trunk Movements of the limbs ❑Pronation and supination of the hand ❑Dorsiflexion and ❑Evertion and planterflexion of the foot: Invertion of the foot: Movements of the thumb. ❑ Function of bones: 1. Supportive framework of the body. 2. Protection. 3. Attachment of the muscles. 4. Formation of the blood cells. 5. Store calcium and phosphorus. 6. Act as a lever for the muscles during their action.  MCQ: Q1:Regarding anatomical position which of the following is false? a. Standing erect position. b. The eyes looking forward. c. The arms by the sides of the trunk. d. The palms of the hand facing backwards. Q2:Which of the following is the movement of bending, toward the original ventral surface? a. Flexion b. Extension c. Abduction d. adduction Q3:The coronal plane divides the body into which of the following? a. Right and left b. Anterior and posterior c. Medial and lateral d. Superior and inferior Q4:The adduction movement means that the part moves : a. Away from midline b. Towards midline c. Near to attachment of limb to trunk d. Away from attachment of limb to trunk Q5: Ventral surface means the surface of the body which facing to a. Front of the body b. Back of the body c. Sides of the body d. Lower end of the body  References 1-Gray H, Anatomy of the Human Body. 20th ed. New York: Bartleby 2000. 2-Gray, s anatomy for students by Richard Drake and A. Wayne Vogel, 2019. 3-Snell R. " Clinical Anatomy by Regions ' 8th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2008. 4-Agur A. & Dalley A. " Atlas of Anatomy" Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2005 Thanks, with the best wishes. Prof.Dr/Morsy Abdelfattah.