The Muscular System - PSW 1022 PDF

The Muscular System PSW 1022 Week 3 1 Introduction  The skeletal system provides the framework for the body  The system that allows for movement and locomotion is the muscular system 2...

The Muscular System PSW 1022 Week 3 1 Introduction  The skeletal system provides the framework for the body  The system that allows for movement and locomotion is the muscular system 2 PSW 1022 Role of the muscular system 3 PSW 1022 Role of the muscular system  In addition to  This internal motion external motion of includes the movement of the the arms and digestive system, legs, the muscular the cardiovascular system also moves system, and the things inside the respiratory system. body.  Different types of muscles allow for both external and internal movement. 4 PSW 1022 Types of muscle tissue  The term “muscle” is a general term indicating contractile tissue.  There are three major types of muscle skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. 5 PSW 1022 Types of muscle tissue 6 PSW 1022 Smooth Muscle  Smooth muscles (also called visceral muscle) are involuntary muscles, and don’t contract as rapidly as skeletal muscles.  They are called smooth because they don’t have the striped appearance of skeletal muscles.  These muscles are found within certain organs (except for the heart), blood vessels, and airways, and allow for internal movement.  Example: Smooth muscle changes the diameter of blood vessels Smooth muscle receives a smaller blood supply, resulting in poor repair of injured tissue. 7 PSW 1022 Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction*  Enlarging the diameter of a blood vessel is called vasodilation.  Decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel is called vasoconstriction. 8 PSW 1022 Smooth muscle in digestive system*  A special type of smooth muscle is called a sphincter and can be found throughout the digestive system.  These donut shaped muscles act as doorways to let material in and out.  Contraction closes the door while relaxation opens it. 9 PSW 1022 Cardiac Muscle  Cardiac muscle is a specialized muscle with a striated appearance.  It is found solely in the heart.  Cardiac muscle is completely involuntary.  The contraction of this muscle causes your heart beat, an internal movement.  Cardiac muscle fibers are shorter, and receive a richer supply of blood than any other muscle in the body. 1 PSW 0 1022 Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, which means that they are under our conscious control. The fibers appear striped, so they are sometimes called striated muscle. 1 PSW 1 1022 Skeletal Muscles  Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and provide movement for your body.  Tendons are fibrous tissues that attach skeletal muscles to bones  Ligaments attach bone to bone  Did you know? Some muscles attach directly to a bone or soft tissue without a tendon. 1 PSW 2 1022 Skeletal Muscles and Muscle Movement Skeletal Muscle Contraction: We know that voluntary movement is controlled by skeletal muscles, which are attached to bones (week 2). Did you know? When a movement is initiated, signals from the nervous system (via motor neurons) trigger the muscles to contract. The muscle fibers contain actin and myosin filaments, which slide past each other during contraction, shortening the muscle and creating movement. For example, when you bend your arm, the biceps contract, 1 PSW 3 and when you straighten it, the triceps contract. 1022  Muscle Movements  Movements:  Agonist  Responsible for creating a specific movement. Ex. Bend your elbow to lift a book, biceps muscles.  Antagonist  Controls and fine-tune movements initiated by the agonist. Ex. Elbow bends smoothly, Triceps muscles acts as the antagonist.  Synergist Muscles  Provides additional support, stability, strengthens the movement during motion. 1 PSW 4 1022  Muscle Movements  Muscle contraction is essential for any voluntary movement in the body. 1 https://www.scientistcindy.com/muscle-movements.html PSW 5 1022 Common disorders  Myalgia  Sprains, strains  refers to pain or and tendinitis tenderness in a  Sprains are muscle. tears in  A common disorder ligaments is fibromyalgia, the  Strains are tears in cause remains muscle unknown but can  Tendinitis is be very painful to inflammation of the the sufferer. tendon 1 PSW 6 1022 Major Muscle Groups 1 PSW 7 1022 Major Muscle Groups 1 PSW 8 1022 Major Muscle Groups 1 PSW 9 1022 Use it or lose it! All body systems are negatively impacted by immobility. The skeletal system develops osteoporosis if we do not weight-bear enough. The muscular system develops contractures when muscles are not used or stimulated for a long time. Contractures are permanent and disfiguring contraction of muscles. As PSWs, we see a LOT of these! ROM exercises, both assisted and independent, can help 2 to prevent contractures. PSW 0 1022 References  Wilk, M.J., Sorrentino, S. & Remmert, L.N.. (2022). Sorrentio's Canadian textbook for the Support Worker (5th Cdn ed.). Elsevier:Toronto  Chapter 25  Chapter 32 2 PSW 1 1022