Attachment Theory PDF

Caregiver Infant interaction - The role of the...

Caregiver Infant interaction - The role of the father Explantons Bowblys Theory : Types of attachment * Attachment Reciprocal emotional bond : Attachment to father Bowblys montoropic theory Rejected learning : Amsworth strange situation * Reciprocal Both and & mother have to bond : Fathers less livly to be first > Meory Proposed evulotionary. theory. Attachment > Alm: observe key attachments and assess the quality for attachment & contribute/generate response > schaffer & Emerson 1964 3 fathers first % unnate a gives survival procedure Controlled observation , 27 % advantage > : to measure attachment security parent smiles child smiles back joint with moter 75% formed by 18 monvius montoropy way judged ; proximity seeking Two muror camera , benavous , explore/secure , , Brazelton et al from 2 weens Distinctive role for fathers Stranger ancuty separation ancuty response Emphasises attachment to one carear base copy > to renucon can - , , , , allows parents to learn cues > Different role ? ↳ Law of continuity : more consist care better , Strange Situation (carer + baby enter unfamilar playroom * Interactional Actions become sysncronised Grosmen et al 2002 at separation Effect of ① Baby encouraged explore & Stranger Syncronosy longitudinal stray looked quality Law of accumulated to comes talks to carer approches baby : : > , , , Brazelton et as , copy gestures = better comication parents benavour men gravity of attachment. Quality every separation adds up ⑤ carer leaves a carer returns stranger leaves ⑤ carer , leaves baby alone Stranger Evaluation of mothers attachment releted to adolence attacment socal releasen returns G carer returns to baby S - controlled observations Brazeton. filmed Internity : notfamer mother emotial father Stimulation - - > Born win unate cute benanour Findings- Types of attachments Ancions meaningful ? Fathers as primary attachment figure - > To active adult soces interactions to attach secure attachment (B) Explore happy go back , to carear. Moderate separation/stranger comfort primary attachment forms of later emotional < basis critical penod-6 months - 2 years Accept on reunion relation - fathers can adopt role Internal working model Insecure avoidant (A) Explore freely , don't seek prosumity. No reaction to separation/stranger stages of attachment > Tiffany Feed 1978 fumed babys 14 mounts) with - Child forms mental reprenstation of relship Insecure resitant (c) Explore less , seek proximity High separation/stranger.. Resist confort primary mother + father + secondary father. PF Spent with primary attachment a 'model Evaluation - Schaffer & Emerson 1964 time smiling can provide emoti when primary - Base painting on own expenses of childhood + Pedictions valid on later development. B best outcomes · Arm : Identify stages and fund pattern in development Evaluation Evaluation + Inter rate relibuety , Bith et al 2012 , tested. Agreed with 94 % of attachment types outmonmcmonemyonAfChMom Participants · : Go babies from Glasgow (same estate + Real world application advice , to parents + support soud releases Brazelton et al (1975). - Culture-bound , In Butan/us. Japenease study most type C · distressed then moitonless Careas Ignored SR , got seperation anaciety Stranger ansely soual refrencing , , evidence ; cravansis Longitudal study 18 mounts , visit mounty , - preducts patien of attachment Van Isendoorn & Krooneberg 1988 form attachment play/communicate > feed/clean those without - More important · Alm : study proportions of type A , B C across , contury and cultures within procedure Located 32 study Countrys (1990 children) A meta-analys stages of attachment inferences gentic diffice : in Explanations :. , ① Asoud 10-6 weeks) responde to objects/people same Learning Theory - Lack animal support, - valdity challenged , Emerson I results combined Indiscrmite 16 weeks 6 mounts) comfort by all ② - humans conditching Learning to assoslate two stimli classical : Harlow soft' Chosen 1964 significant minority · Fundings (B) Most common; 75 % UK (C) least common 24 % Japan (A) 35 % ③ specific (7 mounthst) one carer Stranger ancity Fogther so we responde to one the same way me - Lack human support formed multiple attachment Germany ⑦ Multiple 110/1 mounts + - responde to another Isbella levels of at same time Simone met 2014 Evaluation unconditioned stimius(food) uncondition response (plesure) interactual synconise · study Italian , 76 babys 12 mount. 50 % B , 36 % A l suggest mothers work more - External valdity , most obscrations un natural envroment Neutral Stimlus (caregiver) = no response predict attachment Evaluation + Real word + Indigeous researcher same backround Cross-cultural research avoided application when to plan day care use ? unconditioned + netural - unconditioned response (pleasure ( gravity. , , - Asocial stage lacks vardity , mobile , hard to observe conditioned stimiuse /caregiver) -> conditioned response /plesure) ↓ Confonding vaubles ; sample charctstis (poverty) envromental (room size) · Confounded result Internal validity objective blased ? imposed etic assume idear that works in one cultural context work in another : Butan lack affection Germany indepent lacks mothers operant conditioning - - , , , · Learning from consequence of benavour Animal Studys Pleasant consquency likley to repeat renforce · : Influence of early attachment on later resneship · unplesant consequence , less uuly to repeat punishment : Internal working Lorenz 1952 Imprinting Baby crys fed crying renced model : Bowbry 1969 - , , * Procedure eggs. Natural/incubator Attachment as secondary drive # primary attachment leads to mental reprenstation and future templates goose : Divided Must loving one-seek function - Drive reduction Fundings Incubator followed Lorenso , natural followed mother. hunger primary dure (innate Relatiship in Childhood · - : Group missed followed same person imprinting Evaluation Sears et al 1957 caregiver provides * Attachment type assoslated win peer reisnoships. Kernes insecure have , fundshup difficulty. Smith 17-11 years) (c) Dolly (A) Victors secual impunting : Peacock imputed on giant torte only , cour them + Real world value , food primary anre of hunger genraised , Relatoships in adulthood Evaluation socal workers/200 mem. to Attachment secondary dure * Mcarthy , to women assed when babys (B) best Romance (c) Struggle to Maintan friendship (1) struggle with memacy + Support valorgara 1995 Chichens followed moving snape linnate , - Genralsbity , learnt through assostation of primary * Affects parenting abuty attachment passed genticly Baily ,. 99 Mother , daughter baby majority , same attachment - Genrasabuity , mamials diffent to birds - emotmal & two way more similar man satisfaction Evaluation Harlow 1958 attachment geese. Human Evaluation + support Roseman concluded early attachment predict later. , Avoidant attachment mid disadvantage Procedure : 16 baby monkeys , two wired mothers. Min & Got more compress + help understand attachment babys , - valailty issue with retrospective studys identify , asking questions # Fundings : cuddle cloth for comfort when fughter reganess of , milk - Emisal , long assoslate comfort with carer influence - confounding vanyes ; parenting style genucs , , influences Material depured monkeys more agressive : , less social , bred less , negleted child term distress main anacment  Bowblys theory of material deprevation Material deprivation : presence of a mother essuntal for normal psny corgical development separation v privation - separation , child not in presence of primary Only , a problem If deprived of emotual care > Buefseperation wi subsitue carear , arnt significant for development The cutical penod > 2' years , ask to age 5 > deprived emothal care for extended penods during critical : invetible psycrogical damadge Effects of development delyded development low 12 Goldfarb lower 19ch unstute than foster > Interlectual ; , > Emotional ; affectionless pschopathy Can't espence guilt chmunds prevent retions , , BOWDLYS 44 EveS > Alm : Escalmen Links between affectnless material deprevation pschopathy a > procedure : 44 cummals accused of stealing. Intirewed for affectnless psycptngy familys untired for prolonged , separation. compared to control group of it emotualy distrupted Fundings 14/44 trives aftectness Psychigy i prolonged separation 5 remain thires expriced Separati , > :. so 2) 44 Of controlled group probed separation caused efficies psychpathy - Evaluation + modest support Levy separted baby rat from mum permant effects , , on social development Researcher bas Bowly cared both intirews (knew me cmanis -. attachment - Depiction v priviath Rutter privation fallure to form , - critcupened , sech twis abused l 7 ful recovery , Romanian orphan strays Innisuinaistion : Attachment Rutter et a (2011) # Aun study effects of : material deprivation * procedure Follow : 165 Romanians adopied by UK , to see if good care could make up for bad eprices physical , emotral Cognitive development , assessed 14 , 6 11 , , 15 , 22.25) compared to control group of 52 children adopted from UK # Fundings : Half showed delyed untelucal development majority undernoushed. , mean 1Q - adoptedbefore GM 1026m-2y 86