Biology Study Guide PDF

Biology study guide Dna deoxyribonucleic acid Rna ribonucleic acid Point mutation A genetic alteration caused by th...

Biology study guide Dna deoxyribonucleic acid Rna ribonucleic acid Point mutation A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide Frameshift mutation An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence. Chromosomal Mutation changes in the number or structure of chromosomes. Missense mutations A single nucleotide base is swapped, resulting in a different codon and amino acid Silent mutations A new codon is created that codes for the same amino acid as the original codon. Evolution the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. Species a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. Catastrophism the Earth has been shaped by sudden, often unpredicted, events that are short-lived but impactful Gradualism evolutionary process in which species experience changes in characteristics slowly and incrementally. Adaption the process by which an organism changes its behavior or body to survive in its environment  Artificial Selection an evolutionary process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms Heritability The proportion of variation in a population trait that can be attributed to inherited genetic factors. Natural Selection a process that causes species to evolve over time by selecting organisms that are best suited to their environment Fitness an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment Biogeography the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals. Homologous Structures. similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions. Analogous Structures common traits found in different groups of species which are anatomically different, serve the same function but evolved independently in the different groups of species. Vestigial Structures a physical feature in an organism that has lost most or all of its original function through evolution Embryology the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage. Gene pool the collection of all genes present within a specific population of a species at a given time. Allele Frequency how common an allele is in a population Recombination a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles. Hybridization the process of breeding two different organisms, usually from different varieties or species, ` to create an offspring that inherits traits from both parents In science evolution is…. Not accepted by the majority of science What is the most important piece of Dna evidence for evolution? Where did Darwin begin his voyage? England What type of mammals did Darwin find in Australia Marsupials but not in other continents? What are the smallest increment of time in the Ages geologic time scale? What is the current Eon that continues today? Phanerozoic eon. What is the event that marks the end of the The Great Dying Paleozoic Era? How was the Mesozoic Era likely brought to an end? A asteroid impact What is the study of how the physical face of the earth Paleogeography has transformed over time?