Cell Theory and Cell Activities PDF

**Cell Theory:** - - - **Cell Activities:** - - - - - - **Cellular respiration =** Carbon dioxide (CO~2~) + Water (H~2~O) → Oxygen (O~2~) + Glucose (C~6~H~12~O~6~) +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Animal Cell:** |...

**Cell Theory:** - - - **Cell Activities:** - - - - - - **Cellular respiration =** Carbon dioxide (CO~2~) + Water (H~2~O) → Oxygen (O~2~) + Glucose (C~6~H~12~O~6~) +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Animal Cell:** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Diagram:** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Organelle:** | **Function:** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Centrioles** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cell Plasma Membrane** | - | | | | | | | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cytoplasm** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Golgi Apparatus** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Golgi Vesicles** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Lysosomes** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Microchondrion/Mitochondria** | - | | | | | | | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Microtubules/Cytoskeleton** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Nucleolus** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Nucleus** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Pinocytotic Vesicle** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Ribosome** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Rough ER (Endoplasmic | - - - | | Reticulum)** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Smooth ER (Endoplasmic | - | | Reticulum)** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Small Vacuole** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Plant Cell** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Diagram:** | | | | | |  | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Organelle:** | **Function:** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Amyloplast starch grain** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cell membrane** | - | | | | | | | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cell Wall** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Chloroplasts** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cytoplasm** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Druse crystal** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Golgi Apparatus** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Golgi vesicles** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Large central vacuole** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Mitochondrion/Mitochondria** | - | | | | | | | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Nucleolus** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Nucleus** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Raphide crystal** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Ribosome** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Rough ER (Endoplasmic | - - - | | Reticulum)** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Smooth ER (Endoplasmic | - | | Reticulum** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **4) Plants vs Animal Cells / Prokaryotic v.s. Eukaryotic Cells** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Prokaryotic:** | **Similarities:** | **Eukaryotic Cells:** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | - - - - - - | - - | - - - - - - | | - - - | | - - - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Plant Cell:** | **Similarities:** | **Animal Cell:** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | - - - - - - | - - - - - - | - - - - - - | | | - - | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **5) Microviewers** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Photo:** | **Description:** | +===================================+===================================+ | | Slide 1: Cheek Cells | | | | | | **Type of Cell:** Skin/Epithelial | | | Cell | | | | | | **Type of Tissue:** Epithelial | | | Tissue | | | | | | **Function:** To keep food in the | | | mouth and protect the cheek | | | lining and salivary glands | | | | | | **Location:** Mouth | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |  | Slide 2: Blood Cells | | | | | | **Type of Cell:** Blood Cell | | | | | | **Type of Tissue:** Connective | | | Tissue | | | | | | **Function:** Transport | | | substances throughout the body | | | and bloodstream (oxygen, carbon | | | dioxide, nutrients, waste | | | products) | | | | | | **Location:** Circulatory System | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | Slide 3: Lymph Gland Cells | | | | | | **Type of Cell:** Blood cells | | | | | | **Type of Tissue:** Lymphatic | | | Tissues (Muscle Tissue) | | | | | | **Function:** helps the body | | | fight infection and disease | | | | | | **Location:** Neck, chest, | | | abdomen, and groin | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |  | Slide 4: Bone Cells | | | | | | **Type of Cell:** Bone Cell | | | | | | **Type of Tissue:** Connective | | | Tissue | | | | | | **Function:** Helps grow, | | | maintain, and repair bones | | | | | | **Location:** Skeletal System | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | Slide 5: Voluntary Muscle Cells | | | | | | **Type of Cell:** | | | Skeletal/Striated Muscle Cell | | | | | | **Type of Tissue:** Muscle Tissue | | | | | | **Function:** Allows various | | | movements, and controls when they | | | move or work | | | | | | **Location:** Arms, legs, back, | | | neck | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |  | Slide 6: Involuntary Muscle Cells | | | | | | **Type of Cell:** Smooth Muscle | | | Cells | | | | | | **Type of Tissue:** Muscle Tissue | | | | | | **Function:** moving waste | | | through intestines, and helping | | | lungs expand | | | | | | **Location:** In the walls of the | | | heart, and other organs like the | | | liver, pancreas, intestines, and | | | stomach | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | Slide 7: Nerve Cells | | | | | | **Type of Cell:** Nerve Cell | | | | | | **Type of Tissue:** Nervous | | | Tissue | | | | | | **Function:** Sending electrical | | | impulses throughout the body | | | | | | **Location:** Brain, Spinal | | | Column, Nerves | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |  | Slide 8: Gland Cells | | | | | | **Type of Cell:** Epithelial | | | Cells | | | | | | **Type of Tissue:** Epithelial | | | Tissues | | | | | | **Function:** To create/release a | | | product into the bloodstream | | | | | | **Location:** Lining of an organ | | | such as the stomach, lung, colon, | | | pancreas | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **DNA, Genes, Chromosomes** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Name:** | **Description:** | +===================================+===================================+ | **DNA (Made of Adenine, Thymine, | - | | Guanine, and Cytosine)** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Gene's** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Chromatin** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Chromosomes** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Examples:** Russian Nesting | | | Dolls | | | | | | - - - | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **6) Cell Division and Mitosis** **Why are cells so small** - - - - - **Why do cells divide** - - - **Stages of Cell Division** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Three Functions of Cell Division** - - - - - - - **7) Cancer/mutations:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **8) Body Systems** **Different Organ Systems** **Organ System** **Basic Function** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Circulatory** (Heart, blood, vessels, blood) Transports blood, nutrients, gases and wastes (major organs are the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries) **Digestive** (Mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, intestine, rectum Takes in food, breaks it down/absorbs nutrients, removes solid waste from the body **Endocrine** (glands - pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, adrenals), pancreas, ovaries, testes Manufactures/releases hormones, keeping the body systems 'balanced' **Excretory** (Skin, kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra) Removal of liquid waste from the body **Integumentary** (skin, hair, nails, glands) Creates a waterproof barrier around the body **Lymphatic/immune system** (White blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels Defends the body against infections 9forign substances) **Muscular** (Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, tendons, ligaments Moves parts of the body (attached to bones - about 800 muscles) **Nervous** (Nerves, brain, spinal column) Detection of environmental changes signals bodily response, as higher thinking **Reproductive** (Ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, urethra Producing offspring **Respiratory** (Nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm Gas exchange between internal and external environments (CO~2~ and O~2~) **Skeletal** (Bones, cartilage) Supports and protects the body, works with muscles to move body parts (206 bones by adulthood) **Circulatory System:** - - - - - - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Artery:** | **Capillary** | **Vein:** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | - - - | - - | - - - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Component:** | **Description:** | **Function:** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Red Blood Cell** | - - | - - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **White Blood Cell** | - - - | - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Platelet** | - - | - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Plasma** | - - | - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Respiratory System:** **Why do we breathe?** - **Is breathing voluntary or involuntary**? Explain? - **What happens when foreign substances enter the respiratory system?** - **What is Asthma**? - **What happens to the diaphragm during [inhalation] and [exhalation]?** - - **Difference between breathing and respiration?** - - **What would happen to a person with a disease that thickened the capillary walls? What might cause this to happen?** - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Name:** | **Description:** | +===================================+===================================+ | **Mouth/Nose:** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Larynx (Voice Box):** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Trachea:** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Alveoli:** | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Diaphragm:** | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Lung Model:** - - - - **Digestive System:** **Digestive Tract** **Accessory Organ** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Name:** | **Description:** | **Type of | | | | Digestion:** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Mouth** | Contains the teeth, | Mechanical and | | | salivary glands, and | Chemical | | | tongue | | | | | Ingestion | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Teeth** | Cuts food into small | Mechanical | | | pieces | | | | | Ingestion | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Salivary Glands** | Secretes/makes | Chemical | | | saliva-containing | | | | enzymes | Ingestion | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Tongue** | Pushes food around | Mechanical | | | and to the back of | | | | the mouth | Ingestion | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Esophagus** | Transports food by | Mechanical | | | contracting and | | | | relaxing muscles | Digestion | | | (using a process | | | | called peristalsis | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Liver** | Produces bile | Chemical | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Gall Bladder** | Stores bile | Chemical | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Pancreas** | Produces amylase, | Chemical | | | protease, and lipase | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Stomach** | Contracts and relaxes | Both | | | to break down food | | | | into even smaller | Digestion | | | pieces and mixes it | | | | with the stomach | | | | pieces (Makes | | | | hydrochloric acid and | | | | protease) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Small Intestine** | Food is mixed with | Chemical | | | intestinal juice, | | | | pancreatic juice, and | Absorption | | | bile to help | | | | digestion. (Makes | | | | maltese, protease, | | | | and lipase) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Large Intestine** | Absorbs water and | Chemical | | | mineral salts from | | | | undigested food | Absorption | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Rectum** | Temporarily stores | Mechanical | | | the remaining | | | | undigested food | Elimination | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Anus** | Undigested food | Neither | | | leaves the body | | | | | Elimination | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Bolus =** food in the mouth, and esophagus (after chewing) **Chyme =** frothy liquid = food after the stomach process **Stool =** Soft mass where water is taken out in the large intestine **Feces**