Cell Structure & Function PDF

Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html  Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come fr...

Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html  Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.  Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.  Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell  Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic  Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html  Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html  “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif  “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif Cell Parts Organelles Surrounding the Cell  Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html Inside the Cell  Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA  Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material  Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html  Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html