Imperialism And US History PDF

1\. Imperialism: The policy of extending a country\'s power and influence through diplomacy or military force, often involving the domination of one nation over another\[1\]\[5\]. Imperialism was a significant global phenomenon in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with major powers seeking to...

1\. Imperialism: The policy of extending a country\'s power and influence through diplomacy or military force, often involving the domination of one nation over another\[1\]\[5\]. Imperialism was a significant global phenomenon in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with major powers seeking to expand their territories and influence. 2\. Alfred T. Mahan: A naval historian who argued that sea power was key to a strong foreign policy, influencing American military planning and prompting a worldwide naval race\[4\]. Mahan\'s work, particularly \"The Influence of Sea Power upon History,\" had a profound impact on global politics and naval strategies. 3\. William Seward: An American politician who served as Secretary of State during the 1860s and was a strong advocate for American expansion. He is best known for negotiating the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867, which was initially dubbed \"Seward\'s Folly\" but later proved to be a valuable acquisition. 4\. Queen Liliuokalani: The last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, who was overthrown in 1893 by American businessmen and plantation owners with the support of U.S. military forces. Her deposition marked a significant step in the U.S. annexation of Hawaii. 5\. Sanford Dole: An American lawyer and jurist who became the first President of the Republic of Hawaii after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. He later served as the first territorial governor of Hawaii after its annexation by the United States. 6\. Pearl Harbor: A naval base in Hawaii that became a key strategic location for the United States in the Pacific. Its importance grew significantly after the U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898, and it later became the site of the infamous Japanese attack in 1941. 7\. Jose Marti: A Cuban nationalist leader and writer who played a crucial role in Cuba\'s struggle for independence from Spain. His ideas and writings inspired the Cuban revolutionary movement in the late 19th century. 8\. Valeriano Weyler: A Spanish general known for his brutal tactics in Cuba during the Cuban War of Independence. His harsh policies, including the use of concentration camps, fueled anti-Spanish sentiment in the United States and contributed to American intervention. 9\. Yellow Journalism: A style of sensationalist and exaggerated reporting that was prevalent in American newspapers during the 1890s. It played a significant role in drumming up public support for the Spanish-American War. 10\. USS Maine: An American naval ship that exploded in Havana harbor in 1898. The incident, which was blamed on Spain without clear evidence, served as a catalyst for the Spanish-American War. 11\. George Dewey: An American naval commander who led the U.S. Asiatic Squadron to victory over the Spanish fleet in the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. This victory was crucial in establishing American control over the Philippines. 12\. Rough Riders: A volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War. Their famous charge up San Juan Hill in Cuba became a symbol of American heroism and imperialism. 13\. San Juan Hill: The site of a significant battle during the Spanish-American War where American forces, including the Rough Riders, defeated Spanish troops. The victory helped secure American control over Cuba. 14\. Treaty of Paris: The 1898 agreement that ended the Spanish-American War, resulting in Spain ceding control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. This treaty marked the emergence of the U.S. as a colonial power. 15\. Foraker Act: A 1900 law that established a civilian government in Puerto Rico under U.S. control. It was a key step in defining Puerto Rico\'s status as an unincorporated territory of the United States. 16\. Platt Amendment: A set of provisions added to the Cuban constitution in 1901 that gave the United States the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and established a naval base at Guantanamo Bay. It effectively made Cuba a U.S. protectorate. 17\. Protectorate: A relationship between two countries where a stronger power offers to protect a weaker state while exerting significant control over its foreign policy and economy\[3\]. This was a common form of imperialism, often used to extend influence without direct colonization. 18\. Emilio Aguinaldo: A Filipino revolutionary leader who fought against Spanish rule and later led the Philippine resistance against American occupation. His capture in 1901 marked a turning point in the Philippine-American War. 19\. John Hay: U.S. Secretary of State who authored the Open Door notes and played a significant role in shaping American foreign policy during the Age of Imperialism. 20\. Open Door notes: A series of statements issued by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 and 1900, calling for equal opportunity for international trade in China. These notes were an important aspect of U.S. economic imperialism in Asia. 21\. Boxer Rebellion: An anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901. The rebellion was suppressed by an international coalition, including the United States, further solidifying Western influence in China. 22\. Panama Canal: A strategic waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, completed in 1914. Its construction was a major feat of American engineering and imperialism, involving the U.S.-backed separation of Panama from Colombia. 23\. Roosevelt Corollary: An addition to the Monroe Doctrine, announced by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, asserting the U.S. right to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect American interests. 24\. Dollar Diplomacy: A foreign policy initiative under President William Howard Taft that sought to use American economic power to further U.S. interests abroad, particularly in Latin America and East Asia. 25\. Francisco \'Pancho\' Villa: A Mexican revolutionary general who led raids into the United States, prompting a U.S. military expedition into Mexico in 1916. This incident highlighted the complexities of U.S. involvement in Latin America. 26\. John J. Pershing: An American general who led the Punitive Expedition into Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa and later commanded American forces in Europe during World War I. His career exemplified the transition of the U.S. from a regional to a global power.