Fluid Properties - PDF

A fluid is a material that has no fixed shape and is free to flow. Gas and liquids are fluids.when enough heat is applied to a solid it can become a liquid or gas. 60% of adult bodies are made of water, skin is made of 64% water,the brain and heart are 73% and bones are 30% water. The saliva and sto...

A fluid is a material that has no fixed shape and is free to flow. Gas and liquids are fluids.when enough heat is applied to a solid it can become a liquid or gas. 60% of adult bodies are made of water, skin is made of 64% water,the brain and heart are 73% and bones are 30% water. The saliva and stomach acid are responsible for the chemical digestion and breakdown of food. Blood is used to transport nutrients to the cells in the body. Oxygen enters the body using the respiratory system and attaches to the blood vessels providing the body energy. Sweat is a fluid that cools the body and prevents overheating. Urine is the body's liquid waste and is created when the body is cleaning the blood. Kidneys are responsible for regulating the water levels in the body. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is released from a small gland in the brain called the pituitary gland. This hormone is released when the brain thinks the body is dehydrated and tells the body to exert less water. Atoms are the smallest unit that matter can divide into. Solid liquids and gasses are made of atoms. Solids have particles that are packed very tightly together, there is very little space between them. Liquids have particles that are packed more loosely than solids but more densely than gasses. Gasses have particles that are more spread apart than solids and liquids. These particles move freely at high speeds. Particle theory is an explanation of why matter,which is made up of smaller particles, behaves the way it does. Everything is made of matter. Matter can be defined as anything that has mass and takes up space. All matter is made up of tiny particles. The particles are always moving. There is space between all particles. Adding heat makes the particles move faster. All particles in a pure substance are the same. Different substances are made up of different particles. Volumetric flow rate is the volume of fluid which passes per unit of time. As viscosity increases, flow rate increases. To find the flow rate of something you need to get the volume of fluid passing and divide it by the seconds m3/s. The volume of a cylinder formula is pi multiplied by radius squared multiplied by height. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. When a fluid has low viscosity it will have a lower resistance to flow but when it has a higher viscosity it will have a higher resistance to flow. Friction is the resistance that a surface encounters when it rubs against another. The greater the friction, The greater the viscosity. Cohesion is a measure of how strongly fluid particles are attracted to each other. Fluids like honey or maple syrup have high cohesion. Adhesion is the attraction between the particles of a fluid to another substance. For example, Honey makes contact with the container it's stored in. The particles in the fluid attach to the side of the container causing the movement of the fluid to slow down. An increase in temperature will lead to a decrease in viscosity and a decrease will result in an increase in viscosity. Concentration affects viscosity based on a substance that is dissolved in a fluid. The higher the concentration, The higher the viscosity. Particle size can also influence viscosity. Larger particles experience larger viscosity and smaller particles experience less viscosity.matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. A solid holds its shape unless a force is applied. Solids do not flow or take the shape of their container. A liquid is a form of matter that has no defined shape. Liquids can take the form of their container. A gas expands to fit the volume of the container whether it is a small container or a large room. Mass is the measure of how much matter is in an object. The size of an object does not always mean it has a lot of mass. Volume is the amount of space that something occupies. Atoms are made of Orbit,neutron,proton,atom,nucleus and electrons. Pascal's law states that if pressure is exerted on a fluid, It will be distributed evenly throughout the fluid. Buoyancy is the upward force that a fluid exerts on an object. If the object placed in the water weighs more than the water displaced, it has a negative buoyancy. If an object weighs the same as the water displaced it has a neutral buoyancy. If an object is lighter than the water displaced then it has a positive buoyancy. Submarines use ballast tanks to intake water and help them sink and when they want to rise they pour out the water using air. Fish have swim bladders that they use to allow them to adjust their buoyancy by intaking the oxygen molecules. Sperm whales have spaces in their head that contain a fluid called spermaceti. We believe that they can heat up or cool down the spermaceti affecting the whales density.