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Question 1 1 / 1 pts On which of the following enlightenment ideas does the Declaration of Independence rely for its argument about the limitations of government? separation of powers man’s fallibility equality for all natural rights Question 2 1 / 1 pts “It is equally evident, that the...

Question 1 1 / 1 pts On which of the following enlightenment ideas does the Declaration of Independence rely for its argument about the limitations of government? separation of powers man’s fallibility equality for all natural rights Question 2 1 / 1 pts “It is equally evident, that the members of each department should be as little dependent as possible on those of the others... Were the executive magistrate, or the judges, not independent of the legislature in this particular, their independence in every other would be merely nominal. But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others…. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?... In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.” --James Madison, Federalist No. 51, 1788 What constitutional principle did Madison defend in Federalist No. 51? majority rule consent of the governed rule of law separation of powers Question 3 1 / 1 pts “ The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general welfare of the United States;… To regulate Commerce with foreign nations…. To coin money… To declare war… And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States…” --Article I, United States Constitution, 1787 In which of the following ways was the economy different under the Constitution than the Articles of Confederation? The Constitution allowed the states to control the national government’s ability to tax The Constitution left the power to coin money to the states The Constitution gave Congress powers that it could never have enforced under the Articles The Constitution stripped the states of all monetary power after Shays’s Rebellion Question 4 1 / 1 pts The voting rights amendment that led to the end of the disenfranchisement of poor voters was the 17th 15th 26th 24th Incorrect Question 5 0 / 1 pts Executive agreements have been cited as evidence that interest groups have too much power in the contemporary governmental system presidents have less power in handling foreign policy than in handling domestic policy modern presidents often try to avoid legislative checks and balances on their authority the executive branch has become too large and bureaucratic Question 6 1 / 1 pts After a constitutional amendment has been proposed by both houses of Congress, its adoption requires ratification by three-fourths of the states signature by the president official filing with the secretary of state support by a majority vote of the people Question 7 1 / 1 pts The clause in the United States Constitution that states that federal law will prevail in the event of a conflict between federal and state law is known as the supremacy clause equal protection clause confrontation clause  necessary and proper clause Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the following situations best illustrates the meaning of divided government in the United States political system? The majority of Supreme Court justices are from one party, but the president is from another. The president and a majority of members of Congress are from one party, but the majority of governors are from another. The majority of senators and the majority of representatives are from one party, but the president is from another. The majority of governors are from one party, but the president is from another. Question 9 1 / 1 pts In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court established which of the following principles?  the use of Necessary & Proper must be tied directly to an expressed power The federal government has the power to regulate commerce The judicial branch cannot intervene in political disputes between the President and Congress It is within the judiciary's authority to interpret the constitution Unanswered Question 10 0 / 1 pts As originally ratified, the United States Constitution included provisions designed to decrease the ability of common citizens to elect & thus directly influence their government expand the states' powers to regulate their own commerce with foreign countries increase the economic importance of the agrarian sector relative to that of the manufacturing sector increase the responsiveness of the government to the will of the people Question 11 1 / 1 pts “The Congress shall have power...to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.” Interpretations by the Supreme Court of this clause have been central to attempts to define the nature of which of the following aspects of the United States political system? Pluralism Federalism Judicial review Republicanism Question 12 1 / 1 pts “The Congress shall have power...to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.” The practical effect of this clause has been to give the President uncontested powers in the area of foreign policy make the legislature the most powerful branch of the national government allow the national government to extend its powers beyond those enumerated in the Constitution allow state governments to nullify federal laws within their borders Question 13 1 / 1 pts Which of the following did the Supreme Court establish in Marbury v Madison? Any president who commits treason, bribery, or other high crimes & misdemeanors can be impeached  All powers not explicitly given by the Constitution to Congress belong to the states Congress can claim the use of the Elastic Clause only if the act directly relates to an expressed power The Supreme Court can declare federal legislation invalid if the legislation violates the Constitution Question 14 1 / 1 pts Enhance Federal Power Enhance State Power A Necessary & Proper Clause Fourteenth Amendment B Commerce Clause Tenth Amendment C Supremacy Clause Seventeenth Amendment D Fifth Amendment Article V of the Constitution Which of the following is an accurate comparison of constitutional provisions C  D A B Question 15 1 / 1 pts The idea that the Constitution is a changing and evolving document that should be interpreted in light of the needs of the time is known as the Marshall approach the activist approach the originalist approach the modernist approach Question 16 1 / 1 pts I go further, and affirm that bills of rights, in the sense and in the extent in which they are contended for, are not only unnecessary in the proposed constitution, but would even be dangerous. They would contain various exceptions to powers which are not granted; and on this very account, would afford a colourable pretext to claim more than were granted. For why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do? Why for instance, should it be said, that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given by which restrictions may be imposed? I will not contend that such a provision would confer a regulating power; but it is evident that it would furnish, to men disposed to usurp, a plausible pretence for claiming that power. —Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist paper number 84 Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton’s argument? A bill of rights is necessary to protect civil liberties such as freedom of the press Even though civil liberties are protected by a bill of rights, there are some reasonable exceptions Listing rights will lead some to assume that government may regulate those rights Freedom of the press is essential for a functioning democracy Question 17 1 / 1 pts I go further, and affirm that bills of rights, in the sense and in the extent in which they are contended for, are not only unnecessary in the proposed constitution, but would even be dangerous. They would contain various exceptions to powers which are not granted; and on this very account, would afford a colourable pretext to claim more than were granted. For why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do? Why for instance, should it be said, that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given by which restrictions may be imposed? I will not contend that such a provision would confer a regulating power; but it is evident that it would furnish, to men disposed to usurp, a plausible pretence for claiming that power. —Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist paper number 84 Which of the following constitutional provisions limits the power of the national government in Hamilton’s argument? Faithful execution of the laws in Article II Judicial review in Article III Enumerated powers in Article II Supremacy Clause in Article VI Question 18 1 / 1 pts I go further, and affirm that bills of rights, in the sense and in the extent in which they are contended for, are not only unnecessary in the proposed constitution, but would even be dangerous. They would contain various exceptions to powers which are not granted; and on this very account, would afford a colourable pretext to claim more than were granted. For why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do? Why for instance, should it be said, that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given by which restrictions may be imposed? I will not contend that such a provision would confer a regulating power; but it is evident that it would furnish, to men disposed to usurp, a plausible pretence for claiming that power. —Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist paper number 84 Supporters of a narrow interpretation of the Constitution could present which of the following cases to support their argument against a more powerful national government? Brown v BOE Topeka, KS (1954) Marbury v Madison (1803) McCulloch v Maryland (1819) Schenck v. United States (1919) Question 19 1 / 1 pts The original understanding of the system of checks and balances system has been modified by the abolition of all regulatory agencies the direct election of senators the demise of political parties giving representatives a four-year term Question 20 1 / 1 pts The allocation of certain powers to the national government and other powers to states is called divided government federalism bicameralism  separation of powers Question 21 1 / 1 pts ____________ is the power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security. Impoundment Executive privilege Presidential prerogative Presidential secrecy Incorrect Question 22 0 / 1 pts When considering the original Constitution & citizens’ rights, what most effectively remedied a significant shortcoming?  powers reserved to the states changes in the Electoral College terms limits for the president the various voting amendments Question 23 1 / 1 pts The originalist approach to constitutional interpretation has been ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court argues that the Constitution should be understood according to the framers’ intent was first espoused by Charles Beard in The Antifederalist sees the Constitution as a changing and evolving document that provides a basic framework for government Question 24 1 / 1 pts Of the following, which change in the Constitution served to remedy the less than fully democratic nature of representation in the Congress? the 12th Amendment the 17th Amendment the 22nd Amendment the 26th Amendment Question 25 1 / 1 pts Which of the following developments has resulted in a significant change in how our system of checks & balances functions in direct relation to voter impact & decision making? the media political parties expansion of presidential powers divided government Question 26 1 / 1 pts In our system, what characteristic would Madison most approve of in our efforts to prevent factions from having an inordinate amount of influence? a large bureaucracy a strong representative system a Bill of Rights a strong executive Question 27 1 / 1 pts Which statement best describes the impact political parties have had on the system of checks & balances? divided government has led to increased stalemates between the Executive & Legislative branches they have had a negligible impact overall They have made relations between the political branches smoother  they have only caused problems when Congress is divided between the parties Question 28 1 / 1 pts "We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void.... This is a tax on the operation of an instrument employed by the government of the Union to carry its powers to execution. Such a tax must be unconstitutional...." -excerpt from a United States Supreme Court decision. This decision of the Supreme Court upheld the principle that Congress has the power to make laws to carry out its Constitutional duties Congress has only those powers specifically enumerated in the Constitution the federal government & the state government are equal taxation without representation is unconstitutional Question 29 1 / 1 pts "We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void.... This is a tax on the operation of an instrument employed by the government of the Union to carry its powers to execution. Such a tax must be unconstitutional...." -excerpt from a United States Supreme Court decision Which of the following resulted from this Supreme Court decision? the power of state governments to tax individual citizens was clearly limited the power of the national government was strengthened the power of the Supreme Court was weakened Congress was given the power to coin money