Biology Past Paper PDF

/,.. What is the basic unit of life? a) Tissue b) Cell c) Organ d) Organism 2. The watery medium that surrounds cells is called the: a) Cytoplasm b) Cytosol c) Extracellular fluid d) Nucleus 3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane? a) Structural support b) Regulation...

/,.. What is the basic unit of life? a) Tissue b) Cell c) Organ d) Organism 2. The watery medium that surrounds cells is called the: a) Cytoplasm b) Cytosol c) Extracellular fluid d) Nucleus 3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane? a) Structural support b) Regulation of exchange with the environment c) Movement of vesicles d) Physical isolation 4. What type of cellular structure is responsible for muscle contraction? a) Microfilaments b) Intermediate filaments c) Microtubules d) Ribosomes 5. Ribosomes are found attached to which of the following organelles? a) Mitochondria b) Endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysosomes 6. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for: a) Lipid synthesis b) Protein synthesis c) Detoxification d) Glucose production 7. Which organelle is responsible for energy production? a) Lysosome b) Golgi apparatus c) Mitochondria d) Peroxisomes 8. The Krebs cycle occurs in which part of the cell? a) Cytosol b) Nucleus c) Mitochondrial matrix d) Golgi apparatus 9. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes? a) DNA replication b) Protein production c) Breakdown of waste and damaged organelles d) Energy production 10. Which cell process does NOT require ATP? a) Active transport b) Simple diffusion c) Endocytosis d) Exocytosis 11. What is the main function of the cytoskeleton? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Structural support and shape d) Lipid metabolism 12. Which type of cell junction allows for communication between cells? a) Tight junctions b) Desmosomes c) Gap junctions d) Adherens junctions 13. The tissue type that lines body surfaces and cavities is called: a) Connective tissue b) Epithelial tissue c) Muscle tissue d) Nervous tissue 14. What type of epithelium is found in areas where diffusion and filtration occur? a) Stratified squamous b) Simple squamous c) Simple cuboidal d) Transitional 15. Which epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption in the small intestine? a) Stratified squamous b) Simple columnar c) Pseudostratified columnar d) Simple cuboidal 16. The primary function of connective tissue is: a) Secretion b) Protection and support c) Electrical conduction d) Contraction 17. What type of connective tissue stores energy and provides insulation? a) Areolar tissue b) Dense regular connective tissue c) Adipose tissue d) Elastic connective tissue 18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilage? a) Avascular b) High tensile strength c) Ability to regenerate quickly d) Contains chondrocytes 19. Which muscle tissue is involuntary and found in the walls of hollow organs? a) Skeletal muscle b) Smooth muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) Connective tissue 20. The tissue responsible for transmitting electrical impulses is: a) Connective tissue b) Epithelial tissue c) Muscle tissue d) Nervous tissue 21. The layer of skin that provides protection against UV radiation is the: a) Dermis b) Hypodermis c) Epidermis d) Subcutaneous layer 22. What type of gland produces sweat? a) Sebaceous gland b) Apocrine gland c) Eccrine gland d) Ceruminous gland 23. Which of the following is the deepest layer of the epidermis? a) Stratum spinosum b) Stratum basale c) Stratum corneum d) Stratum granulosum 24. The dermis is primarily composed of which type of tissue? a) Dense irregular connective tissue b) Loose connective tissue c) Simple squamous epithelium d) Cartilage 25. Hair is primarily composed of: a) Collagen b) Keratin c) Elastin d) Melanin 26. The primary function of the skeletal system is: a) Protein synthesis b) Blood circulation c) Movement and support d) Vitamin D production 27. The long shaft of a bone is called the: a) Diaphysis b) Epiphysis c) Metaphysis d) Medullary cavity 28. Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone formation? a) Osteoclast b) Osteocyte c) Osteoblast d) Chondrocyte 29. What is the primary function of yellow bone marrow? a) Hematopoiesis b) Fat storage c) Calcium storage d) Immune defense 30. Which bones are considered part of the axial skeleton? a) Femur, tibia, fibula b) Skull, vertebrae, ribs c) Scapula, clavicle, humerus d) Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges 31. What is the process of bone tissue formation called? a) Osteolysis b) Ossification c) Calcification d) Remodeling 32. The bones of the cranium are classified as: a) Long bones b) Short bones c) Irregular bones d) Flat bones 33. The patella is an example of which type of bone? a) Irregular b) Sesamoid c) Flat d) Short 34. The bones that make up the wrist are called: a) Tarsals b) Metatarsals c) Carpals d) Phalanges 35. The structure responsible for the production of red blood cells is the: a) Compact bone b) Yellow bone marrow c) Red bone marrow d) Periosteum 36. The most common type of joint in the body is the: a) Fibrous joint b) Cartilaginous joint c) Synovial joint d) Pivot joint 37. The joint between the skull bones is classified as a: a) Synchondrosis b) Suture c) Gomphosis d) Syndesmosis 38. What type of joint is found at the shoulder? a) Hinge joint b) Ball-and-socket joint c) Saddle joint d) Pivot joint 39. The movement that decreases the angle between two bones is called: a) Extension b) Flexion c) Abduction d) Adduction 40. Moving a limb away from the midline of the body is called: a) Flexion b) Extension c) Abduction d) Adduction 41. Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid? a) Bone formation b) Lubrication c) Muscle contraction d) Nerve transmission 42. The type of arthritis caused by wear and tear on the joints is: a) Gouty arthritis b) Rheumatoid arthritis c) Osteoarthritis d) Septic arthritis 43. Which ligament in the knee is often injured in sports? a) Patellar ligament b) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) c) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) d) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) 44. Which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton? a) Sternum b) Humerus c) Skull d) Vertebrae 45. The type of cartilage that provides flexibility and maintains shape in structures such as the ear is: a) Hyaline cartilage b) Elastic cartilage c) Fibrocartilage d) Articular cartilage 46. The primary curve of the vertebral column present at birth is the: a) Cervical curve b) Lumbar curve c) Thoracic curve d) Sacral curve 47. Which muscle tissue type has intercalated discs? a) Skeletal b) Smooth c) Cardiac d) Nervous 48. The neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating skeletal muscle contraction is: a) Dopamine b) Acetylcholine c) Serotonin d) Epinephrine 49. What is the basic unit of a muscle fiber that allows for contraction? a) Sarcolemma b) Sarcoplasmic reticulum c) Sarcomere d) Mitochondria 50. Which of the following is the largest muscle in the body? a) Biceps brachii b) Gluteus maximus c) Rectus abdominis d) Gastrocnemius 51. The primary function of tendons is to: a) Connect bone to bone b) Connect muscle to bone c) Provide cushioning d) Store fat 52. Which ion is necessary for muscle contraction? a) Sodium b) Calcium c) Potassium d) Magnesium 53. The main role of hemoglobin in red blood cells is to: a) Transport nutrients b) Transport oxygen c) Remove waste products d) Regulate body temperature 54. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body? a) Right atrium b) Right ventricle c) Left atrium d) Left ventricle 55. Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart? a) Aorta b) Pulmonary artery c) Pulmonary vein d) Vena cava 56. The skeletal system plays a role in which of the following functions? a) Protection of internal organs b) Movement c) Mineral storage d) All of the above 57. What type of bone tissue is found in the epiphysis of long bones and is filled with red marrow? a) Compact bone b) Spongy bone c) Cartilage d) Dense bone 58. The movement that turns the palm upward is called: a) Pronation b) Supination c) Inversion d) Eversion 59. What is the main function of the hyoid bone? a) Support the tongue and assist in swallowing b) Protect the spinal cord c) Anchor the ribs d) Connect the jaw to the skull 60. Which bone in the forearm is on the thumb side? a) Ulna b) Radius c) Humerus d) Scapula Let me know when you're ready for the answers or if you'd like any changes! 3/3 4o You said: yes give me answers try to make it in the best form so I can study ChatGPT said: ChatGPT Here are the answers in an organized format so you can easily study them: BIO 101 - Anatomy Exam Answers 1. b) Cell 2. c) Extracellular fluid 3. c) Movement of vesicles 4. a) Microfilaments 5. b) Endoplasmic reticulum 6. b) Protein synthesis 7. c) Mitochondria 8. c) Mitochondrial matrix 9. c) Breakdown of waste and damaged organelles 10. b) Simple diffusion 11. c) Structural support and shape 12. c) Gap junctions 13. b) Epithelial tissue 14. b) Simple squamous 15. b) Simple columnar 16. b) Protection and support 17. c) Adipose tissue 18. c) Ability to regenerate quickly 19. b) Smooth muscle 20. d) Nervous tissue 21. c) Epidermis 22. c) Eccrine gland 23. b) Stratum basale 24. a) Dense irregular connective tissue 25. b) Keratin 26. c) Movement and support 27. a) Diaphysis 28. c) Osteoblast 29. b) Fat storage 30. b) Skull, vertebrae, ribs 31. b) Ossification 32. d) Flat bones 33. b) Sesamoid 34. c) Carpals 35. c) Red bone marrow 36. c) Synovial joint 37. b) Suture 38. b) Ball-and-socket joint 39. b) Flexion 40. c) Abduction 41. b) Lubrication 42. c) Osteoarthritis 43. b) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 44. b) Humerus 45. b) Elastic cartilage 46. c) Thoracic curve 47. c) Cardiac 48. b) Acetylcholine 49. c) Sarcomere 50. b) Gluteus maximus 51. b) Connect muscle to bone 52. b) Calcium 53. b) Transport oxygen 54. d) Left ventricle 55. d) Vena cava 56. d) All of the above 57. b) Spongy bone 58. b) Supination 59. a) Support the tongue and assist in swallowing 60. b) Radius