Ankle Sprains and Injuries: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment PDF
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This document provides an overview of common ankle injuries, including sprains and dislocations, along with their causes, symptoms, and treatments. It delves into the degrees of ankle sprains, detailing the mechanism and symptoms of each grade, and also explores conditions like Achilles tendon strains and ruptures, providing insights into diagnosis and management.
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Ankle Sprains Inversion ○ 85% of all ankle sprains ○ The foot turns into plantarflexion and inversion and damages lateral ligaments Eversion ○ The occurrence of this type of ankle sprain is minimal because of the bone struct...
Ankle Sprains Inversion ○ 85% of all ankle sprains ○ The foot turns into plantarflexion and inversion and damages lateral ligaments Eversion ○ The occurrence of this type of ankle sprain is minimal because of the bone structure of the ankle and the strength of the deltoid ligament Degress of Sprains First degree ○ Stretching of the ligament ○ Tenderness over ligament ○ Little swelling ○ Pain slight with stress ○ No ligament laxity ○ Possible slight loss of function Second degree ○ Partial tearing of the ligament ○ Tenderness over the ligament ○ Swelling ○ Very painful with stress ○ Slight ligament laxity ○ Moderate loss of function Third degree ○ Complete tearing of the ligament ○ Tenderness over the ligament ○ Rapid swelling ○ Extreme pain with stress ○ Ligament laxity ○ Loss of function Conditions of the Ankle Syndesmostic Sprain ḧigh ankle sprain Overstretching of the tibiofibular ligaments and the distal interosseous membrane Mechanism ○ Forced hyperdorsiflexion and lateral rotation of the foot Signs and symptoms ○ Point tenderness over the anterior tibiofibulkar joint ○ Pain swelling ○ Inability to perform a single limb hop ○ Non-weight bearing Treatment ○ RICE ○ Crutches ○ Refer to MD Achilles Tendon Strain (Grade 1-2) Overstretching or forced concentration of the tendon Mechanism ○ Excessive dorsiflexion ○ Ankle sprain Signs and symptoms ○ Pain ○ Weakness in plantar flexion Treatment ○ RICE ○ Heel lift ○ Tape Achilles Tendon Rupture (Grade 3) Tearing of the tendon completely Mechanism ○ Sudden push off with knee in complete extension Signs and symptoms ○ Feels a sudden snap ○ Severe pain ○ Point tenderness ○ Swelling ○ Discoloration ○ Positive Thompson Test Squeeze a relaxed calf with the toes pointing down while hanging off a table. Positive if the heel does not move upward ○ Indentation Treatment ○ RICE ○ Crutches ○ See MD (Surgery) Achilles Tendonitis and Burstis Inflammation of the tendon or bursa (fluid filled sac that sits between bone and tendon to reduce friction) Mechanism ○ Chronic strain ○ Tight calves Signs and symptoms ○ Pain ○ Swelling ○ Crepitius (squeaky crunchy feeling) ○ Limited motion Treatment ○ Heat therapy ○ Calf stretches ○ Ice after working out Ankle Dislocation An abnormal separation between 1 or more of the bones of your ankle joint Mechanism ○ Anterior dislocation happens when the calcaneus hits the ground forcefully ○ Posterior dislocation happens when there is a ¨Blow¨ to the anterior aspect of the leg while the ankle is Signs and symptoms ○ Obvious deformity ○ Pain ○ Rapid swelling ○ Limited / no ROM Treatment ○ Immobolize ○ Ice ○ Refer to MD (911)
