Untitled Document (1) PDF Medical Procedures

ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS (ABG) Measures the; - Oxygen of the blood - Carbon dioxide of the blood - pH balance of the blood Taken from artery Oxygen content (O2CT): 15-23% per 100 mL of blood Hemoglobin: Oxygen saturation (O2Sat): 95-100% Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO...

ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS (ABG) Measures the; - Oxygen of the blood - Carbon dioxide of the blood - pH balance of the blood Taken from artery Oxygen content (O2CT): 15-23% per 100 mL of blood Hemoglobin: Oxygen saturation (O2Sat): 95-100% Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2): 80-100 mmHg Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2): 35-45 mmHg pH: 7.35-7.45 Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22-26 mEq/L PULSE OXIMETRY Measure the oxygen level (oxygen saturation) of the blood. A clip-like device called a probe is placed on a body part, such as a finger or ear lobe. BRONCHOSCOPY to look directly at the airways in the lungs using a thin, lighted tube (bronchoscope). The bronchoscope is put in the nose or mouth. It is moved down the throat and windpipe (trachea), and into the airways. 2 types of bronchoscopes 1. Flexible - used more often - it can be moved down into the smaller airways (bronchioles) 2. Rigid - straight tube - used to view the larger airways CHEST X-RAY (CXR) - an imaging test that uses X-rays to look at the structures and organs in your chest. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT SCAN) - a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce images of the inside of the body. - shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, organs and blood vessels. - may be done with or without contrast. Contrast refers to a substance taken by mouth or injected into an IV line that causes the particular organ or tissue under study to be seen more clearly. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) - noninvasive medical imaging test that produces detailed images of almost every internal structure in the human body, including the organs, bones, muscles and blood vessels. - MRI scanners create images of the body using a large magnet and radio waves. LEAD PLACEMENT V1 RED - Fourth intercostal space on the right sternum V2 YELLOW- Fourth intercostal space at the left sternum V3 GREEN- Midway between placement of V2 and V4 V4 BLUE - Fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line V5 BROWN - Anterior axillary line on the same horizontal level as V4 V6 PURPLE - Mid-axillary line on the same horizontal level as V4 and V5 RA (Right Arm) WHITE - Anywhere between the right shoulder and right elbow RL (Right Leg) BLACK - Anywhere below the right torso and above the right ankle LA(Left Arm) RED - Anywhere between the left shoulder and the left elbow LL (Left Leg) GREEN - Anywhere below the left torso and above the left ankle ECG TRACINGS CBC NORMAL VALUES Red blood cell count: Male: 4.35 - 5.65 million/mm3 Female: 3.92 – 5.13 million/mm3 White blood cell count: Adult: 5,000-10,000/mm3 Hemoglobin: Male (from 15 and over): 13.0 - 16.0 g/dL Female (from 15 and over): 11.5 - 15.5 g/dL Hematocrit: Male: 40 - 55% Female: 36 - 48% Platelet count: Adult: 150,000 - 400,000/mm3 SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (summary only) Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, in which the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin is misshapen, causing red blood cells to sickle when deoxygenated, which leads to their premature destruction as well as vaso-occlusion. Sickle-cell disease is associated with several acute and chronic health problems, such as severe infections, attacks of severe pain ("sickle-cell crisis"), stroke, and an increased risk of death. Symptoms of sickle cell disease can vary and may include episodes of severe pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, anemia, and frequent infections. The severity and frequency of symptoms can vary widely among individuals with the condition, and some people may experience only mild symptoms, while others may have more severe and frequent episodes of pain and organ damage. Treatment for sickle cell disease may involve pain management, blood transfusions, and antibiotics to prevent infections. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary to cure the condition. Additionally, individuals with sickle cell disease may need to make lifestyle changes, such as avoiding extreme temperatures, staying hydrated, and managing stress, to help prevent and manage symptoms. LEUKEMIA ANEMIA