Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cell PDF
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This document provides a comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It details their similarities and differences, including the presence or absence of a nucleus, internal membranes, and sizes. Further, it explores types of reproduction, and notable characteristics of the cells.
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TWO BASIC KINDS OF CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL AND EUKARYOTIC CELL SIMILARITIES: Both is surrounded by a plasma membrane Plasma membrane = separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment Both cells contain CHROMOSOMES Chromosomes = structure found inside the nucleus Both have tiny struc...
TWO BASIC KINDS OF CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL AND EUKARYOTIC CELL SIMILARITIES: Both is surrounded by a plasma membrane Plasma membrane = separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment Both cells contain CHROMOSOMES Chromosomes = structure found inside the nucleus Both have tiny structures called RIBOSOMES Ribosomes = responsible for making proteins DIFFERENCES: MAJOR difference between the two cells is the LOCATION OF CHROMOSOMES Prokaryotic cell the DNA is concentrated in the nucleoid In Prokaryotic cell DNA is single or double strand DNA In Eukaryotic cells DNA is double strand Eukaryotic cells chromosomes CONTAINED in a true nucleus Prokaryotes - means “Before a Nucleus” - No Nucleus - No internal Membrane-bound organelles, just 1 little bag of cytoplasm - Single-celled - May or may not require oxygen for survival - Earliest type of cells on earth - Cell type of all bacteria and Archaea - Much TOUGHER than eukaryotes - Have much greater genetic diversity means mas marami ang naiinherit na traits within the species - Have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane CELL WALL OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS: Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall - consists of many interconnected layers of peptidoglycan and lacks an outer membrane Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell Wall - consists of 2-3 interconnected layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane 2 Types of PROKARYOTES EU = means true Bacteria - Exist in most environments Archaea - Exist in extreme environments (HOT) NOTE: They differ in some other structural biochemical and physiological characteristics BINARY FISSION IN BACTERIA - Cell division occurs through the inward growth of the plasma membrane, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells, each containing a complete genome. Genome = The complete set of DNA EUKARYOTES - Has internal membranes - These membranes also participate in metabolism - Each type of membrane has a unique combinations of lipids and proteins DOMAIN EUKARYA INCLUDES: - Protist - Fungi - Plants - Animals CELLS CONTAIN: - Membrane bound nucleus that houses DNA - Specialized organelles - Plasma membrane - Much larger than prokaryotic cells - Some cells have a cell wall MODE OF REPRODUCTION OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS It can reproduce through ASEXUAL or SEXUAL REPRODUCTIONS. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTIONS: Mitosis - A process of cell division that results in two geneticaly identical daughter cells. SEXUAL REPRODUCTIONS: Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse haploid cells (gametes) EUKARYOTIC CELL Eu = true Karyon = Nucleus DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
