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Questions and Answers
What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- Eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes.
- Eukaryotic cells have a single strand of DNA.
- Prokaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells have DNA concentrated in the nucleoid. (correct)
Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?
Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?
- Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication.
- Ribosomes are only found in prokaryotic cells.
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes. (correct)
- Ribosomes are membrane-bound organelles.
What type of cell division occurs in bacteria?
What type of cell division occurs in bacteria?
- Mitosis
- Asexual reproduction
- Meiosis
- Binary fission (correct)
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
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Which structure is not typically associated with prokaryotic cells?
Which structure is not typically associated with prokaryotic cells?
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In what type of environment do Archaea typically thrive?
In what type of environment do Archaea typically thrive?
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What is true about the genetic diversity of prokaryotes?
What is true about the genetic diversity of prokaryotes?
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What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Types Overview
- Two main types of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
- Both types are enclosed by a plasma membrane, essential for separating cellular interior from the external environment
- Contain chromosomes, which serve as genetic material
- Ribosomes present in both, responsible for protein synthesis
Prokaryotic Cells
- DNA located in a nucleoid region rather than a nucleus
- Either single or double-stranded DNA; genetic material is simpler
- Lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; consists primarily of cytoplasm
- Typically single-celled organisms
- May thrive in environments with or without oxygen
- Earliest known form of life on Earth; includes all bacteria and Archaea
- Tougher structure compared to eukaryotic cells, exhibiting greater genetic diversity
- Surrounded by a cell wall, providing additional rigidity and protection
Prokaryotic Cell Wall
- Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall: Composed of many layers of peptidoglycan, lacking an outer membrane
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell Wall: Contains fewer layers of peptidoglycan and is surrounded by an outer membrane
Types of Prokaryotes
- Bacteria: Found in diverse environments
- Archaea: Thrive in extreme conditions such as high temperatures; distinct biochemically and physiologically from bacteria
Binary Fission
- A reproductive method for bacteria involving the inward growth of the plasma membrane
- Results in two daughter cells, each with a complete genome
Eukaryotic Cells
- Characterized by internal membranes that assist in various metabolic processes
- Contain a membrane-bound nucleus housing DNA and specialized organelles
- Typically much larger than prokaryotic cells
- Some possess cell walls, such as plant cells
Domain Eukarya
- Includes diverse groups: Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals
Reproduction of Eukaryotic Cells
- Can reproduce via asexual means (e.g., mitosis) or sexual reproduction (e.g., meiosis)
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