Unorganized Drugs Lecture 1 PDF

UNORGANIZED DRUGS Definition: -Mixtures of chemical substances -Not composed of cells -Usually derived from plants or animals by: Extraction, Incision, Expression…. -Frequently solid, some are fluids  Classification: Based on origin and nature they can be classified into: 1- Dried Latex (e.g....

UNORGANIZED DRUGS Definition: -Mixtures of chemical substances -Not composed of cells -Usually derived from plants or animals by: Extraction, Incision, Expression…. -Frequently solid, some are fluids  Classification: Based on origin and nature they can be classified into: 1- Dried Latex (e.g. Opium) 2- Dried Juices (e.g. Aloes) 3- Extracts (e.g. Catechu, Agar and Gelatin) 4- Gums (e.g. Acacia and Tragacanth) 5- Resin & Resin combinations: a- Acid Resin (e.g. Colophony) b- Glycosidal Resin (e.g. Podophyllum) c- Oleo-resin (e.g. Copaiba) d- Oleo-gum-resin (e.g. Asafoetida and Myrrh) 6-Balsams (e.g. Benzoin and Balsam Tolu)  DRIED LATEX -Is an emulsion or suspension -Occurs in the plants in: Laticeferous cells, tubes or vessels -It is obtained by incision of the plant  OPIUM [Raw Opium] ‫األفيون الخام‬ Sources: By incision of the fully grown but unripe capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum (F. Papaveraceae) G.Sources: Turkey, Iran, Pakistan Collection & Preparation: Opium Field Opium Capscule & Flower Collection-1 Collection-2 Collection-3  Active Constituents: Alkaloids in comb. with Meconic acid 1- Phenantherene: Morphine (9.5 to 20%) and Codeine N.B. Raw opium contains not less than 9.5% of morphine. N. B.: Heroin is a synthetic derivative of morphine, not natural, it is a diacetyl morphine. 2-Benzylisoquinoline: Papaverine, Narcotine Chemical Tests: 1-Meconic acid: Soln.+FeCl3 purple 2-Morphine: in NaOH a-Dengis Test: +H2O2+NH3+CuSo4 red b-Marqui’s Test: HCHO+H2SO4 purplish blue Structure of Morphine Meconic Acid & Papaverine MeO O N OH MeO OMe HOOC O COOH OMe Meconic acid Papaverine  Uses: 1-In ttt. Of diarrhoea& as diaphoretic 2-Morphine: A powerful narcotic analgesic (trauma, fracture bones, surgical operations, cancer pain…), as a sedative and hypnotic. 3-Codeine: Antitussive (Cough sedative). 4-Papverine: Antispasmodic, in ttt. of bronchial asthma  N.B.:RAW OPIUM: CONTAINS NOT LESS THAN 9.5% MORPHINE  DRIED JUICES Are aqueous liquids containing dissolved substances. They occur in special structures as cells or cavities Obtained by incision or cutting  ALOES ‫الصبار‬ Sources: Aloes is the solid residue obtained by evaporating the liquid which drains from the transversely cut leaves of various species of Aloe,: Aloe ferox and Aloe vera (F.: Liliaceae). -Aloes more than 240 species Preparation The juice of Aloes contained in the large pericyclic cells of the leaves. When the leaf base is cut, the juice flows out and collected. Aloe vera  Active Constituents: Anthraquinones: aloe-emodin, aloetin. The anthraquinone C-glycoside (aloin) contains not less than 70% of barbaloin and the rest is isobarbaloin. Barbaloin can be decomposed by FeCl3 + HCl (oxidative hydrolysis) to give aloe-emodin anthrone + aloe emodin + glucose. Mucilage (mucopolysaccharides, organic acids (tartaric and malic), amino acids, vitamins, minerals and saponins. Oxidative Hyd. Of Barbaloin: OH O OH Oxidative Hyd. CH2OH H Glc Barbaloin + Glucose OH O OH OH O OH + CH2OH CH2OH O Aloe-emodin Aloe-emodin anthrone  Chemical Tests: Modified Bornträger's test: (for barbaloin) To the filtrate add FeCl3 + HCl (oxidative hydrolysis); extract the liberated anthraquinones with CCl4 and shake with dil. Ammonia: rose red colour.  Uses: Purgative (anthraquinones). For skin care, falling hair, dandruff and alopecia (amino acids, organic acids, vitamins and may be mucilage). Hypotensive (mucilage). Antidiabetic (may be mucilage). Improves liver functions (mucilage)