Unit 3 Cells Topic List PDF

S449 Name: __________________________ Period: ____ Unit 3: Cells Topic List Use this topic list to create your own study guide for the Unit 3 Assessment. It’s a good idea to highl...

S449 Name: __________________________ Period: ____ Unit 3: Cells Topic List Use this topic list to create your own study guide for the Unit 3 Assessment. It’s a good idea to highlight what you don’t know and begin making your study guide from those topics. This should be done on a separate sheet of paper or note in notability. You can also use your class assignments and chapter reading guides to study. This is not a comprehensive list. Everything from assigned readings and class assignments are fair game for a question. Remember that there are always extra study materials available in the supplemental materials folder on schoology Topic 3.1 – Enzyme Structure (Ch. 8) Be able to describe the structure of enzymes Type of molecule Active site Allosteric site Protein Folding Be able to explain why the shape and charge of a substrate is specific to the enzyme to which it binds Induced Fit Model Topic 3.2 – Enzyme Catalysis (Ch. 8) Be able to explain how enzymes work to affect the rate of biological reactions Activation Energy Catalyst Topic 3.3 – Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function (Ch. 8) Be able to explain how changes to the structure of an enzyme may affect its function Denaturing Substrate specificity Be able to explain how and why the cellular environment affects enzyme activity pH Substrate + Enzyme Concentration Temperature Presence of competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors Topic 3.4 – Cellular Energy (Ch. 8) Be able to describe why all living things require a constant input of energy Be able to describe the why life cannot violate the second law of thermodynamics Be able to explain why energy is often released through a series of metabolic reactions in a metabolic pathway (HINT: Why isn’t glucose broken down in one step?) Topic 3.6 – Cellular Respiration (Ch. 9) Be able to describe the processes that allow organisms to use energy stored in biological macromolecules Be able to describe why all life forms must use either fermentation or cellular respiration Be able to explain how energy coupling is used to establish an electrochemical gradient using the ETC Be able to explain how glycolysis releases energy from glucose to form ATP and NADH Be able to explain to explain the pyruvate oxidation that takes place when pyruvate is transported to the mitochondria Be able to explain the overall events of the Krebs cycle starting with Acetyl-CoA and ending with the energy carrying molecules CO2 ATP  NADH FADH2 Be able to explain the role of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain that is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane Be able to explain how the ETC establishes an electrochemical gradient of protons and how that gradient is used Be able to explain how fermentation functions to allow the cell to continue making small amounts of ATP in the absence of Oxygen Be able to explain how the conversion of ATP to ADP powers the metabolic processes of the cell Topic 3.5 – Photosynthesis (Ch. 10) Be able to describe the evolution of photosynthetic processes From prokaryotes (cyanobacteria) to eukaryotes Be able to explain the flow of energy from sunlight to NADPH and ATP in the Light Dependent reactions Be able to explain why NADPH and ATP are necessary for the formation of carbohydrates in the Calvin Cycle Be able to explain the series of steps that a photosynthetic cell uses to capture energy from light and transfer it to biological molecules for storage and use Chlorophyll (Different Types) Photosystems II and I Electrochemical gradient Electron Transport Chain (Cyclic + Noncyclic Electron Flow) ATP Synthase ATP + NADPH Calvin Cycle (C3 Pathway) Products + Reactants Stroma Thylakoids Be able to explain how plants that are adapted to different environments fix carbon C4 Pathway CAM Pathway *Don’t forget that you may have to apply this knowledge using the AP Science Skills! Good Luck ☺